{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606","title":"Kernel Reformulation With Deep Constrained Least Squares for Blind Image Super-Resolution","display_name":"Kernel Reformulation With Deep Constrained Least Squares for Blind Image Super-Resolution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004843520","display_name":"Ziwei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101795031","display_name":"Haibin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-6428"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091601300","display_name":"Lei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7289"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Megvii Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Megvii Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751531","display_name":"Youwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-319X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Megvii Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Megvii Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077470082","display_name":"Bing Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-7967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039387461","display_name":"Shuaicheng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaicheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8815-5335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004843520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93999494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"8","first_page":"7380","last_page":"7394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6446614861488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6154955625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5703079700469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5482181310653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44275179505348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superresolution","display_name":"Superresolution","score":0.4177629351615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4152721166610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39754846692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39029473066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32805249094963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09414979815483093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6446614861488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6154955625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5703079700469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5482181310653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44275179505348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141239990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957423","display_name":"Superresolution","level":3,"score":0.4177629351615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4152721166610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39754846692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39029473066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32805249094963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09414979815483093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3545606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4461046566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5588339314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC0462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8366541121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC1972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1510355813","https://openalex.org/W1791560514","https://openalex.org/W1930824406","https://openalex.org/W2047920195","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2192954843","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2739757502","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2946987243","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962814024","https://openalex.org/W2963182372","https://openalex.org/W2963645458","https://openalex.org/W2963704386","https://openalex.org/W2963729050","https://openalex.org/W2964277374","https://openalex.org/W2987150909","https://openalex.org/W3034259513","https://openalex.org/W3035219913","https://openalex.org/W3035304632","https://openalex.org/W3035996440","https://openalex.org/W3083579885","https://openalex.org/W3089400682","https://openalex.org/W3107811908","https://openalex.org/W3168684807","https://openalex.org/W3170666462","https://openalex.org/W3174060721","https://openalex.org/W3174816433","https://openalex.org/W3175727780","https://openalex.org/W3176334871","https://openalex.org/W3203631022","https://openalex.org/W3204971388","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4200462364","https://openalex.org/W4228997264","https://openalex.org/W4285821897","https://openalex.org/W4287252367","https://openalex.org/W4294891563","https://openalex.org/W4312458589","https://openalex.org/W4312509301","https://openalex.org/W4365479425","https://openalex.org/W4385553326","https://openalex.org/W4386075509","https://openalex.org/W4390226637","https://openalex.org/W4390872856","https://openalex.org/W4392945004","https://openalex.org/W4392980201","https://openalex.org/W4400524387","https://openalex.org/W4402754171","https://openalex.org/W4402781400","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6767785265","https://openalex.org/W6784110152","https://openalex.org/W6785808210","https://openalex.org/W6799805602","https://openalex.org/W6800230566","https://openalex.org/W6801974069","https://openalex.org/W6849574363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216672236","https://openalex.org/W4250542427","https://openalex.org/W2216090681","https://openalex.org/W2080196432","https://openalex.org/W2108844457","https://openalex.org/W3046839381","https://openalex.org/W1982928226","https://openalex.org/W3028306740","https://openalex.org/W2510458418","https://openalex.org/W3112636134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"proposes":[2],"to":[3,46,111,134],"learn":[4,140],"blind":[5],"image":[6,26,35,150],"super-resolution":[7],"(SR)":[8],"using":[9,167],"deep":[10,86,105],"constrained":[11,106],"least":[12,107],"squares":[13],"deconvolution":[14,136],"with":[15,27,103],"low-resolution":[16],"(LR)":[17],"space":[18,61],"kernels.":[19,80],"Our":[20],"method":[21,185],"recovers":[22],"the":[23,42,48,53,59,98,127,131,148],"high-resolution":[24],"(HR)":[25],"a":[28,33,64,68,84,104,119,152,156],"kernel":[29,50,62,94,100],"estimation":[30,51],"step":[31],"and":[32,130,145,170,179,189],"kernel-based":[34],"restoration":[36],"process.":[37],"Specifically,":[38],"we":[39,82,117,139],"first":[40],"reformulate":[41],"classical":[43],"degradation":[44],"model":[45],"transfer":[47],"deblurring":[49,93,144],"into":[52],"LR":[54,60],"space.":[55],"We":[56],"show":[57],"that":[58,124,160,183],"has":[63],"closed-form":[65],"solution":[66],"given":[67],"pair":[69],"of":[70],"LR-HR":[71],"images,":[72],"which":[73,90],"can":[74,91,161],"be":[75],"learned":[76],"without":[77],"ground":[78],"truth":[79],"Next,":[81],"introduce":[83],"dynamic":[85],"linear":[87],"filter":[88],"module,":[89],"generate":[92],"weights":[95],"adaptively.":[96],"Subsequently,":[97],"estimated":[99],"is":[101],"integrated":[102],"square":[108],"filtering":[109],"module":[110],"produce":[112],"clean":[113],"features.":[114],"For":[115],"reconstruction,":[116],"adopt":[118],"dual-path":[120],"structured":[121],"SR":[122],"network":[123,159],"inputs":[125],"both":[126,177],"deblurred":[128],"feature":[129,133],"original":[132],"suppress":[135],"artifacts.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"discriminative":[141],"features":[142],"for":[143],"then":[146],"restore":[147],"HR":[149],"in":[151],"single":[153],"branch,":[154],"producing":[155],"lighter":[157],"weight":[158],"achieve":[162],"comparable":[163],"performance":[164],"while":[165],"only":[166],"56%":[168],"parameters":[169],"60%":[171],"inference":[172],"time.":[173],"Extensive":[174],"experiments":[175],"on":[176],"synthetic":[178],"real-world":[180],"datasets":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"our":[184],"achieves":[186],"better":[187],"accuracy":[188],"visual":[190],"improvements":[191],"against":[192],"state-of-the-art":[193],"approaches.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}