{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406414399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923","title":"Variational Adapter: Improving CLIP in Data-Imbalanced Scenarios","display_name":"Variational Adapter: Improving CLIP in Data-Imbalanced Scenarios","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406414399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069321","display_name":"Ziqian Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3579-9130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3579-9130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039853684","display_name":"Mushui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mushui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722511","display_name":"Yunlong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-2099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-2099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434550","display_name":"Zhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7144-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7144-1511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407758","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-1662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046605531","display_name":"Jungong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9725235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"6","first_page":"5251","last_page":"5264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.8246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.8246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.7670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.6887999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6947328448295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adapter","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","score":0.5663078427314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4274543821811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3854345381259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36183059215545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.13708487153053284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6947328448295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177284502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5663078427314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4274543821811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3854345381259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36183059215545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.13708487153053284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3529923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2888651966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52305590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G297858759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5138320133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023Z236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336552","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6542729203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-Zhipu202302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8619412180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336552","display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032699694","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2400717490","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2798836702","https://openalex.org/W2924476266","https://openalex.org/W2962689421","https://openalex.org/W2963283377","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2963960318","https://openalex.org/W3000538487","https://openalex.org/W3012255272","https://openalex.org/W3014645216","https://openalex.org/W3109728025","https://openalex.org/W3109994846","https://openalex.org/W3136203352","https://openalex.org/W3171926364","https://openalex.org/W3176646400","https://openalex.org/W3198377975","https://openalex.org/W3203055845","https://openalex.org/W3210749271","https://openalex.org/W4200633401","https://openalex.org/W4210589816","https://openalex.org/W4210605815","https://openalex.org/W4214849833","https://openalex.org/W4312283137","https://openalex.org/W4312310776","https://openalex.org/W4312762894","https://openalex.org/W4312791158","https://openalex.org/W4313009154","https://openalex.org/W4313175608","https://openalex.org/W4318953229","https://openalex.org/W4319778743","https://openalex.org/W4376464610","https://openalex.org/W4379382677","https://openalex.org/W4382237588","https://openalex.org/W4382466082","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386065569","https://openalex.org/W4386065763","https://openalex.org/W4386071547","https://openalex.org/W4386076660","https://openalex.org/W4386790226","https://openalex.org/W4390872217","https://openalex.org/W4390872773","https://openalex.org/W4390873312","https://openalex.org/W4394625774","https://openalex.org/W4400904454","https://openalex.org/W4402702970","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6749820799","https://openalex.org/W6758126075","https://openalex.org/W6790019176","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6802136708","https://openalex.org/W6850991314","https://openalex.org/W6853774274","https://openalex.org/W6854258190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,60],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,62,114],"propose":[4],"the":[5,16,45,72,80,90,117,122,141],"Prompt-based":[6],"Variational":[7],"Adapter":[8],"(PVA),":[9],"a":[10,97,147],"novel":[11],"approach":[12],"designed":[13],"to":[14,71,107],"fine-tune":[15,116],"pre-trained":[17],"Vision-Language":[18],"Models":[19],"(VLMs)":[20],"in":[21],"data-imbalanced":[22,138],"scenarios.":[23],"Unlike":[24],"existing":[25],"methods":[26],"that":[27,86],"focus":[28],"primarily":[29],"on":[30,150],"pairwise":[31,40],"alignment":[32],"of":[33,47,143],"visual-text":[34],"relationships":[35],"during":[36],"fine-tuning,":[37],"PVA":[38],"relaxes":[39],"explicit":[41],"constrains":[42],"and":[43,49,55,74,104,127],"emphasizes":[44],"harmonization":[46],"visual":[48,73],"text":[50,75],"modality":[51,92],"distributions,":[52],"enhancing":[53],"generalization":[54],"cross-modal":[56],"understanding.":[57],"To":[58],"realize":[59],"harmonization,":[61],"develop":[63],"two":[64,137],"variational":[65],"adapters,":[66],"which":[67],"are":[68],"appended":[69],"separately":[70],"encoders.":[76],"These":[77],"adapters":[78],"transform":[79],"feature":[81],"embeddings":[82],"into":[83,102],"latent":[84],"spaces":[85],"implicitly":[87],"align":[88],"with":[89],"corresponding":[91],"distributions.":[93],"We":[94],"then":[95],"adopt":[96],"divide-and-conquer":[98],"strategy,":[99],"dividing":[100],"classes":[101],"data-abundant":[103],"data-limited":[105],"sets":[106],"reduce":[108],"prediction":[109],"bias.":[110],"Within":[111],"each":[112],"set,":[113],"independently":[115],"models":[118],"by":[119],"incorporating":[120],"both":[121],"model\u2019s":[123],"original":[124],"general":[125],"knowledge":[126,129],"specialized":[128],"gained":[130],"from":[131],"training":[132],"samples.":[133],"Extensive":[134],"experiments":[135],"across":[136],"scenarios":[139],"validate":[140],"superiority":[142],"our":[144],"approach,":[145],"establishing":[146],"new":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149],"popular":[151],"benchmarks.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
