{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406171221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010","title":"Co-Dance With Ambiguity: An Ambiguity-Aware Facial Expression Recognition Framework for More Robustness","display_name":"Co-Dance With Ambiguity: An Ambiguity-Aware Facial Expression Recognition Framework for More Robustness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406171221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinran Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0482-1939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinran Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0482-1939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101809829","display_name":"Liang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-7986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352646","display_name":"Yu Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-0850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071943346","display_name":"Fuji Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-9184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuji Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-9184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (School of Cyber Security), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95687708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"6","first_page":"5431","last_page":"5444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9491000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.8881423473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8360694646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6333759427070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5432780981063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5423610210418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.47022318840026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4653767943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4642852544784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32257163524627686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8881423473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8360694646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6333759427070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5432780981063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5423610210418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.47022318840026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4653767943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4642852544784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32257163524627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3527010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3197790185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFSC0506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7374576448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFSC0506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317778","funder_display_name":"Sichuan\u00a0Provincial\u00a0Postdoctoral\u00a0Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7852594392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317778","display_name":"Sichuan\u00a0Provincial\u00a0Postdoctoral\u00a0Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959806570","https://openalex.org/W2083021723","https://openalex.org/W2089828686","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2113287505","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2251198138","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2481681431","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2997546679","https://openalex.org/W3001529617","https://openalex.org/W3003720578","https://openalex.org/W3035336958","https://openalex.org/W3041635669","https://openalex.org/W3118405827","https://openalex.org/W3128420506","https://openalex.org/W3173787706","https://openalex.org/W3175546442","https://openalex.org/W3179103990","https://openalex.org/W3187532107","https://openalex.org/W3209798173","https://openalex.org/W3216466215","https://openalex.org/W4205166102","https://openalex.org/W4235029207","https://openalex.org/W4285250231","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4304086144","https://openalex.org/W4304091652","https://openalex.org/W4304099113","https://openalex.org/W4312465353","https://openalex.org/W4312729661","https://openalex.org/W4312823769","https://openalex.org/W4312900971","https://openalex.org/W4312907849","https://openalex.org/W4313132476","https://openalex.org/W4313555039","https://openalex.org/W4316660726","https://openalex.org/W4319993330","https://openalex.org/W4380520382","https://openalex.org/W4381785813","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385731896","https://openalex.org/W4385768165","https://openalex.org/W4385820037","https://openalex.org/W4387969399","https://openalex.org/W4387969416","https://openalex.org/W4388189896","https://openalex.org/W4390874537","https://openalex.org/W4391468670","https://openalex.org/W4399534741","https://openalex.org/W4401906688","https://openalex.org/W4404035171","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6771630921","https://openalex.org/W6803462455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W4400595174","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W4353089801","https://openalex.org/W2353819554","https://openalex.org/W2359488321","https://openalex.org/W1996690921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"Expression":[1,88],"Recognition":[2],"(FER)":[3],"has":[4],"received":[5],"considerable":[6],"research":[7],"attention":[8],"owing":[9],"to":[10,92,106,146],"its":[11],"poor":[12],"robustness":[13,184],"in":[14,24,34,58,194],"real-world":[15],"scenarios.":[16],"This":[17],"issue,":[18,67],"defined":[19],"as":[20],"the":[21,31,132,138,144,151,167],"uncertainty":[22],"problem":[23],"FER,":[25],"is":[26],"often":[27],"solved":[28],"by":[29,126],"recognizing":[30],"noise":[32,38],"samples":[33,39,44,125,156,193],"FER":[35,72,164],"datasets.":[36],"Unlike":[37],"with":[40,50,76,150,187],"incorrect":[41],"labels,":[42],"ambiguous":[43,124,155,192],"exhibit":[45],"mixed":[46],"emotions":[47],"that":[48],"align":[49,147],"multiple":[51],"basic":[52],"expressions.":[53],"It":[54],"makes":[55],"them":[56],"indistinguishable":[57],"training":[59],"and":[60,86,98,110,116,181],"harms":[61],"model":[62,145],"robustness.":[63,99],"To":[64],"address":[65],"this":[66],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"an":[70,81,87],"ambiguity-aware":[71,176],"framework":[73],"called":[74],"Co-dance":[75],"Ambiguity":[77],"(CoA).":[78],"CoA":[79,170],"combines":[80],"Emotion":[82],"Extraction":[83],"Module":[84,90],"(EEM)":[85],"Description":[89],"(EDM)":[91],"leverage":[93],"ambiguity":[94,153],"for":[95],"better":[96],"performance":[97],"Specifically,":[100],"EEM":[101],"employs":[102],"a":[103,188],"coupled-stream":[104],"structure":[105],"extract":[107],"both":[108],"representative":[109],"detailed":[111],"features":[112],"through":[113],"diverse-scale":[114],"fusion":[115],"patch-attention":[117],"sensing.":[118],"EDM":[119],"adjusts":[120],"ground-truth":[121],"labels":[122],"of":[123,154,169,191],"introducing":[127,175],"label":[128],"pairs":[129,142],"derived":[130],"from":[131],"top":[133],"two":[134],"highest":[135],"predictions,":[136],"describing":[137],"mixed-emotion":[139],"nature.":[140],"The":[141],"guide":[143],"feature":[148,179],"extraction":[149],"inherent":[152],"during":[157],"training.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experiments":[160],"on":[161],"five":[162],"in-the-wild":[163],"datasets":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"superiority":[168],"over":[171],"advanced":[172],"methods.":[173],"Moreover,":[174],"strategies":[177],"enriches":[178],"representations":[180],"significantly":[182],"enhances":[183],"when":[185],"faced":[186],"high":[189],"ratio":[190],"FER.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
