{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404840283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768","title":"Pseudo Labeling Methods for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation: A Review and Future Perspectives","display_name":"Pseudo Labeling Methods for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation: A Review and Future Perspectives","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404840283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062259874","display_name":"Lingyan Ran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-9860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingyan Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110860135","display_name":"Yali Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2891-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yali Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025755839","display_name":"Guoqiang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028235866","display_name":"Yanning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, and the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aerospace-GroundOcean Big Data Application Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062259874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.98,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97905964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"3054","last_page":"3080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.8321999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.8321999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.8305000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.829800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6946889162063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5587199330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5436559915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.48886650800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4711255729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.434173583984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33483877778053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10130444169044495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6946889162063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5587199330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5436559915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.48886650800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4711255729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.434173583984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33483877778053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10130444169044495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3508768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":238,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W855272188","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2026581312","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2053101950","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2101210369","https://openalex.org/W2102673432","https://openalex.org/W2106033751","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2132162500","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2168809519","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2213701027","https://openalex.org/W2293429441","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2507296351","https://openalex.org/W2592905743","https://openalex.org/W2594770357","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2620998106","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2778764040","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2798681837","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2805326389","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2905035870","https://openalex.org/W2910094941","https://openalex.org/W2932083555","https://openalex.org/W2954171777","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2964080601","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2965603867","https://openalex.org/W2970667965","https://openalex.org/W2980998394","https://openalex.org/W2981994674","https://openalex.org/W2984353870","https://openalex.org/W2986235590","https://openalex.org/W2990231018","https://openalex.org/W2990766893","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W2991979976","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2995808743","https://openalex.org/W2997169099","https://openalex.org/W2997286550","https://openalex.org/W3005650525","https://openalex.org/W3012120793","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035600434","https://openalex.org/W3035680157","https://openalex.org/W3037260676","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3091812030","https://openalex.org/W3092609815","https://openalex.org/W3093394156","https://openalex.org/W3107695429","https://openalex.org/W3108432914","https://openalex.org/W3113960880","https://openalex.org/W3120562181","https://openalex.org/W3120967272","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3142871063","https://openalex.org/W3151933032","https://openalex.org/W3153635465","https://openalex.org/W3157653192","https://openalex.org/W3159109662","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3167306551","https://openalex.org/W3171581326","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3172614365","https://openalex.org/W3172681723","https://openalex.org/W3172949220","https://openalex.org/W3174010726","https://openalex.org/W3174697615","https://openalex.org/W3175205795","https://openalex.org/W3177958285","https://openalex.org/W3181737292","https://openalex.org/W3182978476","https://openalex.org/W3194826394","https://openalex.org/W3195469390","https://openalex.org/W3195975500","https://openalex.org/W3198098585","https://openalex.org/W3198377975","https://openalex.org/W3203434372","https://openalex.org/W3204140421","https://openalex.org/W3209312100","https://openalex.org/W3210421444","https://openalex.org/W4213264000","https://openalex.org/W4214567023","https://openalex.org/W4214674383","https://openalex.org/W4214899942","https://openalex.org/W4214945166","https://openalex.org/W4221139057","https://openalex.org/W4221144896","https://openalex.org/W4221161256","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4225343834","https://openalex.org/W4225823779","https://openalex.org/W4280598335","https://openalex.org/W4280626450","https://openalex.org/W4283752107","https://openalex.org/W4283800702","https://openalex.org/W4285221285","https://openalex.org/W4285286666","https://openalex.org/W4285305066","https://openalex.org/W4285602983","https://openalex.org/W4285606711","https://openalex.org/W4286751547","https://openalex.org/W4289792768","https://openalex.org/W4291011700","https://openalex.org/W4292828103","https://openalex.org/W4295308382","https://openalex.org/W4296119467","https://openalex.org/W4310466409","https://openalex.org/W4312248619","https://openalex.org/W4312310512","https://openalex.org/W4312320846","https://openalex.org/W4312328737","https://openalex.org/W4312377253","https://openalex.org/W4312429056","https://openalex.org/W4312651959","https://openalex.org/W4312890284","https://openalex.org/W4312922277","https://openalex.org/W4312946625","https://openalex.org/W4313030842","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4313427362","https://openalex.org/W4315487158","https://openalex.org/W4315783894","https://openalex.org/W4315864511","https://openalex.org/W4316467114","https://openalex.org/W4318829201","https://openalex.org/W4319300565","https://openalex.org/W4319778886","https://openalex.org/W4319878483","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4321471609","https://openalex.org/W4323338702","https://openalex.org/W4360584634","https://openalex.org/W4366420760","https://openalex.org/W4375928941","https://openalex.org/W4376464610","https://openalex.org/W4377713204","https://openalex.org/W4380894123","https://openalex.org/W4383112609","https://openalex.org/W4385453053","https://openalex.org/W4385569616","https://openalex.org/W4386065436","https://openalex.org/W4386065584","https://openalex.org/W4386066400","https://openalex.org/W4386071547","https://openalex.org/W4386071949","https://openalex.org/W4386075748","https://openalex.org/W4386075910","https://openalex.org/W4386075981","https://openalex.org/W4386076264","https://openalex.org/W4386076322","https://openalex.org/W4386076563","https://openalex.org/W4386083124","https://openalex.org/W4386113248","https://openalex.org/W4386158980","https://openalex.org/W4386917309","https://openalex.org/W4387415336","https://openalex.org/W4387520869","https://openalex.org/W4388543952","https://openalex.org/W4390872055","https://openalex.org/W4390873144","https://openalex.org/W4390873168","https://openalex.org/W4390873807","https://openalex.org/W4390874136","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391381476","https://openalex.org/W4391697061","https://openalex.org/W4392450313","https://openalex.org/W4392796515","https://openalex.org/W4392944698","https://openalex.org/W4394625830","https://openalex.org/W4396535401","https://openalex.org/W4401211311","https://openalex.org/W4402727005","https://openalex.org/W4402727392","https://openalex.org/W4402743661","https://openalex.org/W6629510986","https://openalex.org/W6678975374","https://openalex.org/W6679066655","https://openalex.org/W6721087566","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6748692255","https://openalex.org/W6755093387","https://openalex.org/W6756615331","https://openalex.org/W6759274242","https://openalex.org/W6762913911","https://openalex.org/W6763251565","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6771401702","https://openalex.org/W6771787070","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6776411772","https://openalex.org/W6776821665","https://openalex.org/W6779997284","https://openalex.org/W6784265214","https://openalex.org/W6788329692","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6793972746","https://openalex.org/W6796401108","https://openalex.org/W6797253510","https://openalex.org/W6802946413","https://openalex.org/W6805249427","https://openalex.org/W6838923433","https://openalex.org/W6839041728","https://openalex.org/W6842226894","https://openalex.org/W6849725013","https://openalex.org/W6850301659","https://openalex.org/W6850986756","https://openalex.org/W6852733026","https://openalex.org/W6856087662","https://openalex.org/W6868971692","https://openalex.org/W6869773722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4298131179","https://openalex.org/W2113201962","https://openalex.org/W4385583601","https://openalex.org/W4395685956","https://openalex.org/W3159516372","https://openalex.org/W3112772842","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,34,64,103,180],"is":[2,53],"a":[3,41,79,88,125],"fundamental":[4],"task":[5,65],"in":[6,13,33,100,150,177],"computer":[7],"vision":[8],"and":[9,19,49,55,81,91,97,117,147,181,198,204],"finds":[10],"extensive":[11],"applications":[12,99],"scene":[14],"understanding,":[15],"medical":[16,178],"image":[17,179,184],"analysis,":[18],"remote":[20,182],"sensing.":[21],"With":[22],"the":[23,62,67,73,111,118,154,190,202],"advent":[24],"of":[25,44,69,93,113,121,156,192],"deep":[26,37],"learning,":[27,71],"significant":[28],"advancements":[29],"have":[30,60],"been":[31],"made":[32],"tasks.":[35],"However,":[36],"learning":[38],"models":[39,123],"require":[40],"substantial":[42],"amount":[43],"labeled":[45],"data":[46,146,157],"for":[47,132,142,207],"training,":[48],"accurately":[50],"annotating":[51],"datasets":[52,197],"labor-intensive":[54],"costly.":[56],"Recently,":[57],"numerous":[58],"studies":[59],"explored":[61],"semantic":[63,102],"through":[66],"lens":[68],"semi-supervised":[70,101],"with":[72],"pseudo-labeling":[74],"(PL)":[75],"method":[76],"emerging":[77],"as":[78,176],"straightforward":[80],"widely":[82],"applicable":[83],"approach.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86,188],"provides":[87,161],"comprehensive":[89],"review":[90],"analysis":[92],"various":[94],"PL":[95,145,151,169],"methods":[96,152,170,194],"their":[98],"(SSSS)":[104],"from":[105,124,153,171],"multiple":[106,122],"angles.":[107],"Initially,":[108],"it":[109,129,139,167],"captures":[110],"essence":[112],"individual":[114],"model":[115],"self-training":[116],"collaborative":[119],"training":[120],"model-centric":[126],"viewpoint.":[127],"Next,":[128],"explores":[130],"strategies":[131],"refining":[133],"or":[134],"dismissing":[135],"unreliable":[136],"methods.":[137],"Then,":[138],"categorizes":[140],"techniques":[141],"addressing":[143],"noisy":[144],"inspects":[148],"improvements":[149],"perspective":[155],"augmentation.":[158],"It":[159],"further":[160],"insights":[162],"into":[163],"optimization":[164],"strategies.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"examines":[168],"an":[172],"application-oriented":[173],"standpoint,":[174],"such":[175],"sensing":[183],"segmentation.":[185],"Lastly,":[186],"this":[187],"evaluates":[189],"performance":[191],"cutting-edge":[193],"on":[195],"public":[196],"concludes":[199],"by":[200],"discussing":[201],"challenges":[203],"potential":[205],"directions":[206],"future":[208],"research.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-11-29T00:00:00"}