{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401908317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493","title":"UniFRD: A Unified Method for Facial Image Restoration Based on Diffusion Probabilistic Model","display_name":"UniFRD: A Unified Method for Facial Image Restoration Based on Diffusion Probabilistic Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401908317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082075648","display_name":"Muwei Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-2264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muwei Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-2264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-1578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-1578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068893450","display_name":"Xiaoyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59483232","display_name":"Shandong University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2nnq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035609529","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-1057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-1057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006580423","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["cSCAN Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"cSCAN Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019678322","display_name":"Kin\u2010Man Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Man Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Centre for Signal Processing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Centre for Signal Processing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082075648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59483232"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89987793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"12","first_page":"13494","last_page":"13506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8442999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8442999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610019326210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5833989977836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5111768841743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5095744132995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.49012622237205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4508573114871979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.434726357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3569764792919159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610019326210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5833989977836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5111768841743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5095744132995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.49012622237205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4508573114871979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.434726357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3569764792919159}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3450493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1012622145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4544310681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020ZD44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326185","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6840609164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326185","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2895542678","https://openalex.org/W2922232329","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963743395","https://openalex.org/W2982763192","https://openalex.org/W2984516931","https://openalex.org/W2997601455","https://openalex.org/W3000996870","https://openalex.org/W3023488494","https://openalex.org/W3043157863","https://openalex.org/W3082949159","https://openalex.org/W3092619908","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3118530108","https://openalex.org/W3144276858","https://openalex.org/W3162426298","https://openalex.org/W3189480530","https://openalex.org/W3205004111","https://openalex.org/W3212516020","https://openalex.org/W3215628224","https://openalex.org/W4213149867","https://openalex.org/W4221004921","https://openalex.org/W4226014430","https://openalex.org/W4308610851","https://openalex.org/W4312497550","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4318718455","https://openalex.org/W4319302806","https://openalex.org/W4320713398","https://openalex.org/W4321021075","https://openalex.org/W4321479815","https://openalex.org/W4327750486","https://openalex.org/W4360887305","https://openalex.org/W4379620481","https://openalex.org/W4385804996","https://openalex.org/W4385820037","https://openalex.org/W4386047807","https://openalex.org/W4386075858","https://openalex.org/W4386702784","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6788990321","https://openalex.org/W6809940947","https://openalex.org/W6846848267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2588219639","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2365681766","https://openalex.org/W2393963626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,97],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,35,39],"Unified":[4],"Facial":[5],"image":[6,26],"and":[7,24,38,66,71,87,94,106,124,136,159,173],"video":[8],"Restoration":[9],"method":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,68,81,89,103,109,131,146],"Diffusion":[14],"probabilistic":[15],"model":[16],"(UniFRD),":[17],"designed":[18],"to":[19,83,143],"effectively":[20],"address":[21],"both":[22,122],"single-":[23],"multi-type":[25],"degradation.":[27],"The":[28,46],"noise":[29,56],"predictor":[30],"in":[31,149,171],"UniFRD":[32,127],"consists":[33],"of":[34,74,108,133],"ViT-based":[36],"encoder":[37],"novel":[40],"Separation":[41],"Fusion":[42],"Decoding":[43],"Module":[44],"(SFDM).":[45],"flexible":[47],"feature":[48],"optimization":[49],"strategy":[50],"allows":[51],"for":[52,101,152,167],"decoding":[53],"complex":[54,172],"conditional":[55,95],"without":[57],"being":[58],"limited":[59],"by":[60,78],"degradation":[61],"patterns.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"SFDM":[64],"adjusts":[65],"refines":[67],"channel":[69],"correlation":[70],"expressive":[72],"power":[73],"high-dimensional":[75],"features":[76],"step":[77],"step,":[79],"enabling":[80],"network":[82],"more":[84],"accurately":[85],"perceive":[86],"enhance":[88],"interaction":[90],"between":[91],"posterior":[92],"probabilities":[93],"inputs.":[96],"process":[98],"is":[99],"crucial":[100],"improving":[102],"visual":[104],"quality":[105],"stability":[107],"restoration":[110,132,154],"results.":[111],"Extensive":[112],"experiments":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"that":[115],"even":[116],"when":[117],"facial":[118,153],"images":[119],"suffer":[120],"from":[121],"pixel-level":[123],"image-level":[125],"degradation,":[126],"can":[128],"still":[129],"guarantee":[130],"rich":[134],"details":[135],"maintain":[137],"attribute":[138],"consistency.":[139],"In":[140],"summary,":[141],"compared":[142],"existing":[144],"methods,":[145],"solution":[147],"proposed":[148],"this":[150],"study":[151],"tasks":[155],"offers":[156],"greater":[157],"generality":[158],"adaptability.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"it":[162],"has":[163],"high":[164],"practical":[165],"value":[166],"applications":[168],"involving":[169],"faces":[170],"unconstrained":[174],"outdoor":[175],"scenarios.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}