{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392693738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380","title":"Balanced Teacher for Source-Free Object Detection","display_name":"Balanced Teacher for Source-Free Object Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392693738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007294024","display_name":"Jinhong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0939-0669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinhong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719271","display_name":"Wen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5559-8594"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080093489","display_name":"Lixin Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-4016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007294024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89966981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"7231","last_page":"7243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6479616165161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4670741856098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45287027955055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.44239652156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3748863637447357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.35311031341552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.21761438250541687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6479616165161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4670741856098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45287027955055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.44239652156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3748863637447357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.35311031341552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.21761438250541687}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3376380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1081440678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2436066486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019TQ0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4855240767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20220530164812027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G728059352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82121003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8752137738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2021YGLH208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1555385401","https://openalex.org/W2017691720","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W2941356874","https://openalex.org/W2955889502","https://openalex.org/W2962823940","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963730616","https://openalex.org/W2964115968","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2968634921","https://openalex.org/W2969583814","https://openalex.org/W2979548969","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2990069979","https://openalex.org/W2990740643","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W3021542222","https://openalex.org/W3034218934","https://openalex.org/W3034779842","https://openalex.org/W3034937575","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3035175896","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035673985","https://openalex.org/W3107610277","https://openalex.org/W3109679703","https://openalex.org/W3110011650","https://openalex.org/W3120575095","https://openalex.org/W3121281282","https://openalex.org/W3129242782","https://openalex.org/W3132342572","https://openalex.org/W3135497965","https://openalex.org/W3152008128","https://openalex.org/W3158661000","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3160505424","https://openalex.org/W3163893908","https://openalex.org/W3166409449","https://openalex.org/W3167251133","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3172748299","https://openalex.org/W3174017534","https://openalex.org/W3175492513","https://openalex.org/W3176493691","https://openalex.org/W3186269967","https://openalex.org/W3192275354","https://openalex.org/W3194643899","https://openalex.org/W3198175382","https://openalex.org/W3202115483","https://openalex.org/W3203554015","https://openalex.org/W3204821053","https://openalex.org/W3206713300","https://openalex.org/W4283795458","https://openalex.org/W4283807782","https://openalex.org/W4311967393","https://openalex.org/W4312473311","https://openalex.org/W4312502508","https://openalex.org/W4312713178","https://openalex.org/W4312769060","https://openalex.org/W4312999279","https://openalex.org/W4313160378","https://openalex.org/W4319996358","https://openalex.org/W4319996489","https://openalex.org/W4321021814","https://openalex.org/W4361996346","https://openalex.org/W4364322117","https://openalex.org/W4379382408","https://openalex.org/W4382322367","https://openalex.org/W4382468624","https://openalex.org/W4385647259","https://openalex.org/W4386066721","https://openalex.org/W4386072135","https://openalex.org/W4386113253","https://openalex.org/W4388430511","https://openalex.org/W4389987369","https://openalex.org/W4390058836","https://openalex.org/W4411245147","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6750109254","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6776778719","https://openalex.org/W6779292872","https://openalex.org/W6791265838","https://openalex.org/W6803559075","https://openalex.org/W6838716246","https://openalex.org/W6854096820","https://openalex.org/W6947681574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,54,179],"study":[1],"a":[2,16,39,99,121],"practical":[3],"domain":[4,24,32],"adaptation":[5],"task,":[6],"named":[7],"source-free":[8],"object":[9],"detection":[10],"(SFOD),":[11],"which":[12],"aims":[13],"to":[14,20,27,105,127,151,172,175],"adapt":[15,173],"pre-trained":[17],"source":[18,31],"detector":[19],"an":[21],"unlabeled":[22],"target":[23,55,90,136,146,177],"without":[25],"access":[26],"the":[28,50,73,89,115,130,135,139,153,160,169,176,190,195,201],"original":[29],"labeled":[30],"samples.":[33],"In":[34,157],"this":[35,158],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,96,119],"design":[38,98],"new":[40],"self-training":[41,61],"approach":[42],"for":[43,62,71],"SFOD":[44],"called":[45],"Balance":[46],"Teacher":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,184],"mean":[51],"teacher":[52,161],"model.":[53],"two":[56],"key":[57],"issues":[58],"when":[59,68,110],"using":[60,69],"SFOD:":[63],"1)":[64],"imbalanced":[65,78,131],"label":[66],"distribution":[67,133,155],"pseudo-labels":[70,166],"supervising":[72],"model":[74,162,171],"training,":[75],"and":[76,144,167,189],"2)":[77],"image":[79,132],"distribution,":[80],"<italic":[81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e</i>":[83],".,":[84],"significant":[85],"data":[86,154],"variance":[87],"in":[88,134],"domain.":[91,178],"To":[92],"address":[93],"these":[94],"issues,":[95],"first":[97],"Class-balanced":[100],"Instance":[101],"Selection":[102],"(CBIS)":[103],"module":[104],"automatically":[106],"balance":[107],"different":[108],"classes":[109],"selecting":[111],"pseudo-labeled":[112],"instances":[113],"during":[114],"training":[116],"process.":[117],"Then,":[118],"propose":[120],"Progressive":[122],"Target":[123],"Variance":[124],"Minimization":[125],"(PTVM)":[126],"cope":[128],"with":[129],"domain,":[137],"where":[138],"feature":[140],"distributions":[141],"of":[142,197],"certainty":[143],"uncertainty":[145],"samples":[147],"are":[148],"progressively":[149],"aligned":[150],"alleviate":[152],"variance.":[156],"way,":[159],"can":[163],"provide":[164],"high-quality":[165],"guide":[168],"student":[170],"gradually":[174],"have":[180],"conducted":[181],"extensive":[182],"experiments":[183],"five":[185],"widely":[186],"used":[187],"benchmarks,":[188],"experimental":[191],"results":[192],"clearly":[193],"show":[194],"superiority":[196],"our":[198],"method":[199],"over":[200],"state-of-the-art":[202],"baselines.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}