{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384080541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580","title":"Positive-Sample-Free Object Tracking via a Soft Constraint","display_name":"Positive-Sample-Free Object Tracking via a Soft Constraint","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384080541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026798878","display_name":"Jiaxin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7463-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7463-6516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058101262","display_name":"Bineng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bineng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-1539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049287545","display_name":"Qihua Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-5246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihua Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084025984","display_name":"Shengping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037037839","display_name":"Xianxian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-3847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianxian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-3847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016080094","display_name":"Rongrong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongrong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Media Analytics and Computing Laboratory, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Media Analytics and Computing Laboratory, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55908045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"1364","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9212999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5838578343391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5731955170631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5686529874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5259994268417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4848998188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.47367483377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2810021638870239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5838578343391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5731955170631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5686529874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5259994268417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4848998188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.47367483377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2810021638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2023.3294580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3295794154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G500372149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529942192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022TD002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325559","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Normal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325559","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330465","display_name":"Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2794744029","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2886910176","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2898200825","https://openalex.org/W2937749627","https://openalex.org/W2955747520","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2963927307","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2998434318","https://openalex.org/W3001584168","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3034617042","https://openalex.org/W3035453691","https://openalex.org/W3035511673","https://openalex.org/W3035571898","https://openalex.org/W3035672751","https://openalex.org/W3035725297","https://openalex.org/W3090155371","https://openalex.org/W3108519869","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3167536469","https://openalex.org/W3167762749","https://openalex.org/W3168663926","https://openalex.org/W3174225630","https://openalex.org/W3176187859","https://openalex.org/W3181069167","https://openalex.org/W3190916078","https://openalex.org/W3204540098","https://openalex.org/W3204554907","https://openalex.org/W3211001284","https://openalex.org/W3214586131","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4214759957","https://openalex.org/W4230728863","https://openalex.org/W4285600988","https://openalex.org/W4312255167","https://openalex.org/W4312323989","https://openalex.org/W4312472480","https://openalex.org/W4312516520","https://openalex.org/W4312532041","https://openalex.org/W4312543717","https://openalex.org/W4312651496","https://openalex.org/W4312751983","https://openalex.org/W4312796324","https://openalex.org/W4312805142","https://openalex.org/W4312821902","https://openalex.org/W4312961003","https://openalex.org/W4313036965","https://openalex.org/W4313122408","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6780226713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,22,70,81,134,164,184],"the":[2,18,23,28,38,44,67,71,106,124,132,135,145,162,165,173,185],"existing":[3],"bounding":[4,24,72,136,174],"box-based":[5],"trackers":[6],"rely":[7],"on":[8,190],"a":[9,13,90,111],"classification":[10,29,40,82,151],"subnetwork":[11,15,30],"and":[12,20,36,60,75,83,152,168,200,212],"regression":[14,153,183],"to":[16,42,79,147,155],"predict":[17],"location":[19],"scale":[21,76],"box.":[25],"They":[26,47],"learn":[27],"by":[31,121,138],"processing":[32],"each":[33],"sample":[34,52],"individually":[35],"applying":[37],"suggested":[39],"confidence":[41],"produce":[43],"final":[45],"prediction.":[46],"typically":[48],"involve":[49],"heuristic":[50],"positive":[51,99],"configurations,":[53],"which":[54,115],"inevitably":[55],"introduce":[56],"mislabelled":[57],"training":[58],"samples":[59,100],"therefore":[61],"deteriorate":[62],"their":[63],"tracking":[64,96,192],"performance.":[65],"Moreover,":[66],"parallel":[68],"prediction":[69],"box":[73,137,175],"position":[74,109,163],"may":[77],"lead":[78],"misalignment":[80,149],"regression.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"these":[87],"issues,we":[88],"propose":[89],"simple":[91],"yet":[92],"effective":[93],"soft":[94,112],"constraint-based":[95],"framework":[97],"without":[98],"(named":[101],"SoftCT).":[102],"SoftCT":[103,130,159],"adaptively":[104],"senses":[105,161],"target\u2019s":[107,125],"pixel":[108,126,167],"through":[110],"constraint":[113],"mechanism,":[114],"eliminates":[116],"potential":[117],"performance":[118],"gaps":[119],"caused":[120],"artificially":[122],"marking":[123],"position.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"computes":[131],"state":[133],"aggregating":[139],"such":[140],"positional":[141],"information,":[142],"thereby":[143],"allowing":[144],"tracker":[146,205],"avoid":[148],"in":[150],"due":[154],"uninformed":[156],"communication.":[157],"Specifically,":[158],"directly":[160],"target":[166,186],"fuses":[169],"this":[170],"information":[171],"into":[172],"prediction,":[176],"rather":[177],"than":[178],"requiring":[179],"explicit":[180],"annotation":[181],"or":[182],"pixel.":[187],"Extensive":[188],"experiments":[189],"six":[191],"benchmarks":[193],"including":[194],"GOT-10k,":[195],"TrackingNet,":[196],"LaSOT,":[197],"UAV123,":[198],"LaSOText":[199],"TNL2K":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"that":[203],"our":[204],"achieves":[206],"state-of-the-art":[207],"performance,":[208],"confirming":[209],"its":[210],"effectiveness":[211],"efficiency.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}