{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285167765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041","title":"Adaptive Weighted Losses With Distribution Approximation for Efficient Consistency-Based Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Adaptive Weighted Losses With Distribution Approximation for Efficient Consistency-Based Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285167765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115501043","display_name":"Di Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-7609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-7609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355803","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058393974","display_name":"Liang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-9052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-9052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115501043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92771684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"11","first_page":"7832","last_page":"7842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5973578691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5929831266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5902049541473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49463316798210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.49360597133636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47358018159866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-entropy","display_name":"Cross entropy","score":0.46200674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4598342776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.41571471095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3956669867038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31034016609191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2873954176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.2129298448562622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5973578691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5929831266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5902049541473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49463316798210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49360597133636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47358018159866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1685498","display_name":"Cross entropy","level":3,"score":0.46200674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4598342776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.41571471095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3956669867038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31034016609191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2873954176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.2129298448562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3186041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153185079","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2079057609","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2621015177","https://openalex.org/W2884745705","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2971380191","https://openalex.org/W2981773397","https://openalex.org/W2984353870","https://openalex.org/W3003134479","https://openalex.org/W3013774306","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3084411871","https://openalex.org/W3099636429","https://openalex.org/W3110608319","https://openalex.org/W3113757710","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3119635706","https://openalex.org/W3141039124","https://openalex.org/W3172791165","https://openalex.org/W3180500590","https://openalex.org/W3180562345","https://openalex.org/W3182493068","https://openalex.org/W3211070668","https://openalex.org/W3216549632","https://openalex.org/W4210997624","https://openalex.org/W4226276141","https://openalex.org/W6623329352","https://openalex.org/W6678975374","https://openalex.org/W6681588610","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6717772578","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6757712183","https://openalex.org/W6762913911","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6771787070","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6788986383","https://openalex.org/W6797435650","https://openalex.org/W6802864417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2015043718","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W2353865532","https://openalex.org/W2068375500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"semi-supervised":[1],"learning":[2,37,82,101],"(SSL)":[3],"algorithms":[4,23,165],"such":[5],"as":[6],"FixMatch":[7],"achieve":[8],"state-of-the-art":[9],"performance":[10,162],"by":[11],"exploiting":[12],"consistency":[13,132],"regularization":[14],"and":[15,33,59,96,103,144,156,194],"entropy":[16],"minimization":[17],"techniques.":[18],"However,":[19],"many":[20],"consistency-based":[21],"SSL":[22],"extract":[24],"pseudo-labels":[25],"from":[26],"unlabeled":[27],"data":[28,90,180],"through":[29],"a":[30,56,123,170,198],"fixed":[31],"threshold":[32,139],"ignore":[34],"the":[35,44,52,67,77,80,84,88,100,104,109,118,131,135,138,141,147,152,161,176,191],"different":[36],"progress":[38],"of":[39,79,87,91,108,134,154,163,178],"each":[40,92],"category,":[41],"which":[42,129],"makes":[43],"easy-to-learn":[45],"categories":[46],"have":[47],"more":[48],"examples":[49],"contributing":[50],"to":[51,65,116],"loss,":[53],"resulting":[54],"in":[55,175],"class-imbalance":[57],"problem":[58],"affecting":[60],"training":[61,68,119],"efficiency.":[62],"In":[63],"order":[64],"improve":[66,117],"reliability,":[69],"we":[70,121],"propose":[71,122],"adaptive":[72],"weighted":[73],"losses":[74],"(AWL).":[75],"Through":[76,151],"evaluation":[78],"class-wise":[81],"progress,":[83],"loss":[85,142],"contribution":[86],"pseudo-labeled":[89],"category":[93],"is":[94],"continuously":[95],"dynamically":[97],"adjusted":[98],"during":[99],"process,":[102],"pseudo-label":[105],"discrimination":[106],"ability":[107],"model":[110,148],"can":[111],"be":[112],"steadily":[113],"improved.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"efficiency,":[120,173],"bidirectional":[124],"distribution":[125],"approximation":[126],"(DA)":[127],"method,":[128],"introduces":[130],"information":[133],"predictions":[136],"under":[137],"into":[140],"calculation,":[143],"significantly":[145],"improves":[146],"convergence":[149,172],"speed.":[150],"combination":[153],"AWL":[155],"DA,":[157],"our":[158],"method":[159],"surpasses":[160],"other":[164],"on":[166,190,197],"multiple":[167],"benchmarks":[168],"with":[169,202],"faster":[171,199],"especially":[174],"case":[177],"labeled":[179],"extremely":[181],"limited.":[182],"For":[183],"example,":[184],"AWL&DA":[185],"achieves":[186],"95.29%":[187],"test":[188],"accuracy":[189,196],"CIFAR-10-40-labels":[192],"experiment":[193,200],"92.56%":[195],"setting":[201],"only":[203],"<inline-formula":[204],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[205],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[206],"<tex-math":[207],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2^{18}$":[208],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[209],"iterations.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}