{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177192381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","title":"Source-Free Open Compound Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Source-Free Open Compound Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177192381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","mag":"3177192381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/361265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015645383","display_name":"Yuyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065328976","display_name":"Zhun Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-0544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-0544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072443458","display_name":"Zhiming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071967339","display_name":"Gim Hee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-0475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gim Hee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027171279","display_name":"Nicu Sebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-7248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicu Sebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-7248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98761698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"10","first_page":"7019","last_page":"7032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8264578580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8178554773330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6594722270965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6055412292480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5595760941505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap","display_name":"Swap (finance)","score":0.5152290463447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.5110891461372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.4714656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.454412579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4377310276031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.41898196935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-model","display_name":"Source model","score":0.4154254198074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34939444065093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.16645869612693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12674549221992493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11895948648452759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8264578580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8178554773330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6594722270965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6055412292480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5595760941505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99821215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136583","display_name":"Swap (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5152290463447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.5110891461372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4714656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.454412579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4377310276031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.41898196935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985998994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Source model","level":2,"score":0.4154254198074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34939444065093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.16645869612693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12674549221992493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11895948648452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3179021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/361265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/361265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7565978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7565978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 32(10) 7019-7032","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/361265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/361265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3917087662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-RP-2020-016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2517041761","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2603777577","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2884366600","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2940597502","https://openalex.org/W2951697117","https://openalex.org/W2952865063","https://openalex.org/W2953139137","https://openalex.org/W2953816217","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963107255","https://openalex.org/W2969893028","https://openalex.org/W2972285644","https://openalex.org/W2981392058","https://openalex.org/W2981540341","https://openalex.org/W2981624307","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W3004032783","https://openalex.org/W3007769536","https://openalex.org/W3034247804","https://openalex.org/W3034373787","https://openalex.org/W3034435444","https://openalex.org/W3034478348","https://openalex.org/W3035294798","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035701489","https://openalex.org/W3048402753","https://openalex.org/W3108566666","https://openalex.org/W3111557229","https://openalex.org/W3119635706","https://openalex.org/W3122052861","https://openalex.org/W3124626396","https://openalex.org/W3127555982","https://openalex.org/W3128868613","https://openalex.org/W3134841676","https://openalex.org/W3140377313","https://openalex.org/W3141325426","https://openalex.org/W3150373995","https://openalex.org/W3153080569","https://openalex.org/W3156772576","https://openalex.org/W3164101295","https://openalex.org/W3168470487","https://openalex.org/W3169545167","https://openalex.org/W3171888599","https://openalex.org/W3172748299","https://openalex.org/W3174142717","https://openalex.org/W3175042385","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3180439858","https://openalex.org/W3187986157","https://openalex.org/W3192693288","https://openalex.org/W3195315815","https://openalex.org/W3198175382","https://openalex.org/W3201774370","https://openalex.org/W3202407433","https://openalex.org/W3208194557","https://openalex.org/W3209412357","https://openalex.org/W3211791982","https://openalex.org/W3214910576","https://openalex.org/W4220846750","https://openalex.org/W4290742803","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6683438843","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6729110096","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6779536041","https://openalex.org/W6785293073","https://openalex.org/W6785706330","https://openalex.org/W6789380839","https://openalex.org/W6790059251","https://openalex.org/W6790953777","https://openalex.org/W6802864417","https://openalex.org/W6803168405","https://openalex.org/W6841452299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035557009","https://openalex.org/W3204418343","https://openalex.org/W2341113105","https://openalex.org/W2955172689","https://openalex.org/W3132602785","https://openalex.org/W3046182208","https://openalex.org/W2343346879","https://openalex.org/W2186589590","https://openalex.org/W4297818280","https://openalex.org/W772479628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,59,123],"this":[1,93],"work,":[2],"we":[3,95,126],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,110,117],"new":[6],"concept,":[7],"named":[8],"source-free":[9],"open":[10,57,89,201],"compound":[11],"domain":[12,28,189,226],"adaptation":[13,29],"(SF-OCDA),":[14],"and":[15,44,47,55,66,87,114,180,200],"study":[16],"it":[17,31],"in":[18,140],"semantic":[19],"segmentation.":[20],"SF-OCDA":[21],"is":[22,32,79],"more":[23,33,164],"challenging":[24],"than":[25],"the":[26,39,49,62,67,74,82,85,102,128,141,146,156,160,168,175,183,187,195,198,212,220],"traditional":[27],"but":[30],"practical.":[34],"It":[35],"jointly":[36],"considers":[37],"(1)":[38,108],"issues":[40],"of":[41,51,148,159,177],"data":[42,45,69],"privacy":[43],"storage":[46],"(2)":[48,115],"scenario":[50],"multiple":[52],"target":[53,68,75,86,118,188,199],"domains":[54],"unseen":[56,88],"domains.":[58,90,202],"SF-OCDA,":[60],"only":[61],"source":[63,112,161],"pre-trained":[64],"model":[65,78,113,119,184,217],"are":[70],"available":[71],"to":[72,133,186],"learn":[73],"model.":[76],"The":[77],"evaluated":[80],"on":[81,197,211,223],"samples":[83,135],"from":[84],"To":[91],"solve":[92],"problem,":[94],"present":[96],"an":[97],"effective":[98],"framework":[99],"by":[100],"separating":[101],"training":[103,147],"process":[104],"into":[105],"two":[106],"stages:":[107],"pre-training":[109],"generalized":[111],"adapting":[116],"with":[120,136],"self-supervised":[121,191],"learning.":[122],"our":[124,206,216],"framework,":[125],"propose":[127],"Cross-Patch":[129],"Style":[130],"Swap":[131],"(CPSS)":[132],"diversify":[134],"various":[137],"patch":[138],"styles":[139],"feature-level,":[142],"which":[143],"can":[144,153,173],"benefit":[145],"both":[149],"stages.":[150],"First,":[151],"CPSS":[152,172],"significantly":[154],"improve":[155],"generalization":[157],"ability":[158],"model,":[162],"providing":[163],"accurate":[165],"pseudo-labels":[166,179],"for":[167,225],"latter":[169],"stage.":[170],"Second,":[171],"reduce":[174],"influence":[176],"noisy":[178],"also":[181,218],"avoid":[182],"overfitting":[185],"during":[190],"learning,":[192],"consistently":[193],"boosting":[194],"performance":[196,222],"Experiments":[203],"demonstrate":[204],"that":[205],"method":[207],"produces":[208],"state-of-the-art":[209],"results":[210],"C-Driving":[213],"dataset.":[214],"Furthermore,":[215],"achieves":[219],"leading":[221],"CityScapes":[224],"generalization.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}