{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226196758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969","title":"Finding Stars From Fireworks: Improving Non-Cooperative Iris Tracking","display_name":"Finding Stars From Fireworks: Improving Non-Cooperative Iris Tracking","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226196758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059080233","display_name":"Chengdong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-9940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengdong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-9940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690577","display_name":"Xinlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-5166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-5166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419083","display_name":"Zhenjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-3392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031957432","display_name":"Junhui Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-2021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhui Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-2021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059080233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79186124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"9","first_page":"6137","last_page":"6147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8073490858078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7586019039154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7284712791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6513247489929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.5972225069999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.5884316563606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5149469971656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.4932934641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.47591525316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4556756913661957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.43232059478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4242207407951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.41024187207221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32358694076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.25435972213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14302152395248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11206066608428955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8073490858078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7586019039154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7284712791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6513247489929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.5972225069999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.5884316563606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5149469971656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.4932934641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.47591525316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4556756913661957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.43232059478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4242207407951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.41024187207221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32358694076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.25435972213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14302152395248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11206066608428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2022.3158969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W1977554898","https://openalex.org/W2000805497","https://openalex.org/W2011953904","https://openalex.org/W2023296739","https://openalex.org/W2066359650","https://openalex.org/W2097087373","https://openalex.org/W2114487485","https://openalex.org/W2126371272","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133515615","https://openalex.org/W2133946027","https://openalex.org/W2137246321","https://openalex.org/W2140427427","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2155591525","https://openalex.org/W2163155631","https://openalex.org/W2169096120","https://openalex.org/W2209174485","https://openalex.org/W2221898772","https://openalex.org/W2328617829","https://openalex.org/W2345017089","https://openalex.org/W2498149730","https://openalex.org/W2511250175","https://openalex.org/W2561585794","https://openalex.org/W2622510676","https://openalex.org/W2623965599","https://openalex.org/W2794246011","https://openalex.org/W2807663718","https://openalex.org/W2901993934","https://openalex.org/W2907088611","https://openalex.org/W2951213084","https://openalex.org/W2953122916","https://openalex.org/W2962815021","https://openalex.org/W2972527557","https://openalex.org/W2976295171","https://openalex.org/W2981512393","https://openalex.org/W2982631194","https://openalex.org/W3011248942","https://openalex.org/W3011990345","https://openalex.org/W3034406258","https://openalex.org/W3035807818","https://openalex.org/W3101205945","https://openalex.org/W3103562302","https://openalex.org/W3110002552","https://openalex.org/W3119752641","https://openalex.org/W3144221682","https://openalex.org/W3154013571","https://openalex.org/W6683584762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370714421","https://openalex.org/W276445467","https://openalex.org/W2204049424","https://openalex.org/W3008151551","https://openalex.org/W2127515548","https://openalex.org/W2127677160","https://openalex.org/W2150856458","https://openalex.org/W2922136526","https://openalex.org/W2625645584","https://openalex.org/W2292485954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,20,48,155],"revisit":[1],"the":[2,22,26,29,52,73,77,81,90,119,173,190,202,208,214,219],"problem":[3],"of":[4,18,28,42,70,76,150,159],"iris":[5,13,53,108,123,133,209],"tracking":[6],"with":[7,146],"RGB":[8],"cameras,":[9],"aiming":[10],"to":[11,80,96,104,117,170,206],"obtain":[12],"contours":[14],"from":[15,107,152],"captured":[16],"images":[17,149],"eyes.":[19],"find":[21],"reason":[23],"that":[24,50,164,186,197],"limits":[25],"performance":[27],"state-of-the-art":[30,191],"method":[31,188,199],"in":[32,46,84],"more":[33,130],"general":[34],"non-cooperative":[35],"environments,":[36],"which":[37],"prohibits":[38],"a":[39,141,157],"wider":[40],"adoption":[41],"this":[43,136],"useful":[44],"technique":[45],"practice.":[47],"believe":[49],"because":[51],"boundary":[54,91,124],"could":[55],"be":[56,168],"inherently":[57],"unclear":[58],"and":[59,109,113,121,181,212],"blocked,":[60],"as":[61,93],"its":[62],"pixels":[63,92],"occupy":[64],"only":[65],"an":[66],"extremely":[67],"limited":[68],"percentage":[69],"those":[71],"on":[72],"entire":[74],"image":[75],"eye,":[78],"similar":[79],"stars":[82],"hidden":[83],"fireworks,":[85],"we":[86,102,127,138],"should":[87],"not":[88],"treat":[89],"one":[94],"class":[95],"conduct":[97],"end-to-end":[98],"recognition":[99],"directly.":[100],"Thus,":[101],"propose":[103],"learn":[105],"features":[106],"sclera":[110],"regions":[111],"first,":[112],"then":[114],"leverage":[115],"entropy":[116],"sketch":[118],"thin":[120],"sharp":[122],"pixels,":[125],"where":[126],"can":[128,167,200],"trace":[129],"precise":[131],"parameterized":[132],"contours.":[134],"In":[135],"work,":[137],"also":[139,195],"collect":[140],"new":[142],"dataset":[143],"by":[144],"smartphone":[145],"22":[147],"K":[148,161],"eyes":[151],"video":[153],"clips.":[154],"annotate":[156],"subset":[158],"2":[160],"images,":[162],"so":[163],"label":[165],"propagation":[166],"applied":[169],"further":[171],"enhance":[172,207],"system":[174],"performance.":[175],"Extensive":[176],"experiments":[177],"over":[178],"both":[179],"public":[180],"our":[182,187,198],"own":[183],"datasets":[184],"show":[185],"outperforms":[189],"method.":[192,221],"The":[193],"results":[194],"indicate":[196],"improve":[201],"coarsely":[203],"labeled":[204],"data":[205],"contour\u2019s":[210],"accuracy":[211],"support":[213],"downstream":[215],"application":[216],"better":[217],"than":[218],"prior":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}