{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216120819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","title":"A High Throughput and Energy Efficient Lepton Hardware Encoder With Hash-Based Memory Optimization","display_name":"A High Throughput and Energy Efficient Lepton Hardware Encoder With Hash-Based Memory Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216120819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","mag":"3216120819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103146595","display_name":"Xiao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-2904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-2904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000972803","display_name":"Zhixiong Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiong Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-5052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090844975","display_name":"Bowen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039609866","display_name":"Minjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-8328"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["AVIC Aeronautical Radio Electronics Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-8328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AVIC Aeronautical Radio Electronics Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628303","display_name":"Wenqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-6636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656792","display_name":"Xiaoyang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-137X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085004179","display_name":"Yibo Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-8261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41071577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"7","first_page":"4680","last_page":"4695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7938916683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6228198409080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5818816423416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5766316056251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5721898674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-jpeg","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","score":0.4733453094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4552217721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36355334520339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3408791422843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.322542667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.1712018847465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13118353486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12944424152374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12061682343482971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7938916683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6228198409080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5818816423416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5766316056251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5721898674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8384606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2190356","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","level":5,"score":0.4733453094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4552217721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36355334520339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3408791422843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.322542667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.1712018847465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13118353486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12944424152374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12061682343482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3129895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2999837878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19511104300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311779","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Association for Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4143799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"gyy2021-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336476","funder_display_name":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6391884445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311779","display_name":"Shanghai Association for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0k2q54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321881","display_name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05tewj457"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336476","display_name":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974042972","https://openalex.org/W2003625913","https://openalex.org/W2027400580","https://openalex.org/W2046996113","https://openalex.org/W2050043425","https://openalex.org/W2060658301","https://openalex.org/W2081209382","https://openalex.org/W2099563019","https://openalex.org/W2119210678","https://openalex.org/W2129710685","https://openalex.org/W2129768577","https://openalex.org/W2139855869","https://openalex.org/W2140196014","https://openalex.org/W2143549718","https://openalex.org/W2168558213","https://openalex.org/W2168755307","https://openalex.org/W2320356851","https://openalex.org/W2322488761","https://openalex.org/W2396416165","https://openalex.org/W2733636222","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2750996378","https://openalex.org/W2802921152","https://openalex.org/W2891746756","https://openalex.org/W2898690798","https://openalex.org/W2899519551","https://openalex.org/W2912601938","https://openalex.org/W2913334236","https://openalex.org/W2945486614","https://openalex.org/W2945578092","https://openalex.org/W2946143378","https://openalex.org/W2946731637","https://openalex.org/W2962771342","https://openalex.org/W2964227210","https://openalex.org/W2969286230","https://openalex.org/W2993989702","https://openalex.org/W3096005896","https://openalex.org/W3103567827","https://openalex.org/W3107405238","https://openalex.org/W6681245444","https://openalex.org/W6735848907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047588290","https://openalex.org/W2088079966","https://openalex.org/W2354615002","https://openalex.org/W2064947991","https://openalex.org/W1514014087","https://openalex.org/W1968318766","https://openalex.org/W2092260100","https://openalex.org/W2368443480","https://openalex.org/W2075040358","https://openalex.org/W414960894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"it":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"surpassed":[4],"by":[5,50,82,168,189,214],"many":[6],"subsequent":[7],"coding":[8],"standards,":[9],"JPEG":[10,42],"occupies":[11],"a":[12,29,77,96,124],"large":[13],"storage":[14,25],"share":[15],"of":[16,41,138,147,164,181,198],"the":[17,24,38,45,71,84,100,107,117,136,143,156,161,165,175,178,182,201,210],"current":[18],"data":[19],"hosting":[20],"service.":[21],"To":[22,59,135],"reduce":[23],"costs,":[26],"DropBox":[27],"proposed":[28,85,157,183,202],"secondary":[30],"lossless":[31],"compression":[32,39],"algorithm,":[33],"Lepton,":[34],"to":[35],"further":[36],"improve":[37],"rate":[40],"images.":[43],"However,":[44],"bloated":[46],"probability":[47,72,103,166],"models":[48,167],"defined":[49],"Lepton":[51,132,184,203],"severely":[52],"restrict":[53],"its":[54],"throughput":[55,176],"and":[56,74,130,177,191],"energy":[57,128,179],"efficiency.":[58],"solve":[60],"this":[61,141],"problem,":[62],"we":[63,93,122],"construct":[64],"an":[65],"access":[66],"probability-based":[67],"hash":[68,86],"function":[69,87],"for":[70,99],"models,":[73],"then":[75],"propose":[76,95],"hardware-friendly":[78],"memory":[79],"optimization":[80],"method":[81],"combining":[83],"with":[88,171],"N-way":[89],"Set-Associative":[90],"unit.":[91],"Besides,":[92],"also":[94,207],"synchronization":[97],"mechanism":[98],"serial":[101],"accessing":[102],"model,":[104],"so":[105],"that":[106,155],"syntax":[108],"elements":[109],"can":[110],"be":[111],"processed":[112],"in":[113],"parallel":[114],"without":[115],"changing":[116],"resulting":[118],"bitstream.":[119],"After":[120],"that,":[121],"implement":[123],"high":[125,127],"throughput,":[126],"efficiency,":[129],"low-cost":[131],"hardware":[133,145,158,185,204],"encoder.":[134],"best":[137],"our":[139],"knowledge,":[140],"is":[142,206],"first":[144],"implementation":[146],"transparent":[148],"image":[149],"recompression.":[150],"The":[151],"synthesis":[152],"result":[153],"shows":[154],"structure":[159],"reduces":[160],"total":[162],"area":[163],"70.97%.":[169],"Compared":[170],"DropBox\u2019s":[172],"software":[173],"solution,":[174],"efficiency":[180],"encoder":[186,205],"are":[187],"increased":[188],"63":[190],"1398":[192],"times":[193],"on":[194],"average.":[195],"In":[196],"terms":[197],"manufacturing":[199],"cost,":[200],"lower":[208],"than":[209],"general-purpose":[211],"CPU":[212],"used":[213],"DropBox.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}