{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200663333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","title":"Just Noticeable Difference for Deep Machine Vision","display_name":"Just Noticeable Difference for Deep Machine Vision","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200663333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","mag":"3200663333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.08168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678706","display_name":"Jian Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-1519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-1519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343569","display_name":"Xingxing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-3796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034638866","display_name":"Xin Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-6499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356963","display_name":"Huan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-4985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403129","display_name":"Weisi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-1947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-1947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041918034","display_name":"Jian Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Video Cloud, Alibaba Cloud Business Group, Alibaba, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Video Cloud, Alibaba Cloud Business Group, Alibaba, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362745","display_name":"Yao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-9554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91757003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"3452","last_page":"3461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-noticeable-difference","display_name":"Just-noticeable difference","score":0.7359866499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7075260877609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6989113688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.48431625962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.45657873153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4328536093235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.4148513972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24770388007164001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59111918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224386","display_name":"Just-noticeable difference","level":2,"score":0.7359866499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7075260877609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6989113688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.48431625962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45657873153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4328536093235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.4148513972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24770388007164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3113572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.08168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.08168","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.08168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.08168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.08168","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.08168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1986928901","https://openalex.org/W2017439852","https://openalex.org/W2042003931","https://openalex.org/W2079247436","https://openalex.org/W2104350111","https://openalex.org/W2114415799","https://openalex.org/W2139496607","https://openalex.org/W2143120554","https://openalex.org/W2144520790","https://openalex.org/W2155655721","https://openalex.org/W2162766540","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2212505460","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2471801048","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2575940230","https://openalex.org/W2581531361","https://openalex.org/W2598684819","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2737368828","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2883285025","https://openalex.org/W2883554151","https://openalex.org/W2952104986","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963419712","https://openalex.org/W2963444790","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2964164085","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2968674715","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2970257215","https://openalex.org/W2975749976","https://openalex.org/W3038557200","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3159346357","https://openalex.org/W3183191242","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6720275808","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6752626564","https://openalex.org/W6753044988","https://openalex.org/W6753914649","https://openalex.org/W6763636181","https://openalex.org/W6764550947","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535407149","https://openalex.org/W2135208543","https://openalex.org/W2115601997","https://openalex.org/W2004805122","https://openalex.org/W2061484505","https://openalex.org/W2103854443","https://openalex.org/W2107866510","https://openalex.org/W2111101014","https://openalex.org/W2040576696","https://openalex.org/W4292218605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,64],"important":[2],"perceptual":[3,27],"characteristic":[4],"of":[5,39,107,140],"the":[6,11,37,42,48,70,73,77,86,91,98,112,121,135,141,153],"Human":[7],"Visual":[8],"System":[9],"(HVS),":[10],"Just":[12],"Noticeable":[13],"Difference":[14],"(JND)":[15],"has":[16,50,72,94],"been":[17,95],"studied":[18],"for":[19,41,85,155,165],"decades":[20],"with":[21,104,120],"image":[22,87,146,167],"and":[23,67,137,168,178],"video":[24,169],"processing":[25],"(e.g.,":[26],"visual":[28],"signal":[29],"compression).":[30],"However,":[31],"there":[32],"is":[33,131],"little":[34],"exploration":[35],"on":[36,145],"existence":[38],"JND":[40,83,116,154],"Deep":[43],"Machine":[44],"Vision":[45],"(DMV),":[46],"although":[47],"DMV":[49,71,99],"made":[51],"great":[52],"strides":[53],"in":[54,90],"many":[55],"machine":[56,157],"vision":[57],"tasks.":[58],"In":[59,124],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,150],"take":[63],"initial":[65],"attempt,":[66],"demonstrate":[68,148],"that":[69,97,149],"JND,":[74],"termed":[75],"as":[76],"DMV-JND.":[78,142],"We":[79],"then":[80],"propose":[81],"a":[82,126,162],"model":[84],"classification":[88,147],"task":[89],"DMV.":[92],"It":[93],"discovered":[96],"can":[100],"tolerate":[101],"distorted":[102],"images":[103],"average":[105],"PSNR":[106],"only":[108],"9.56dB":[109],"(the":[110],"lower":[111],"better),":[113],"by":[114],"generating":[115],"via":[117],"unsupervised":[118],"learning":[119],"proposed":[122],"DMV-JND-NET.":[123],"particular,":[125],"semantic-guided":[127],"redundancy":[128],"assessment":[129],"strategy":[130],"designed":[132],"to":[133],"restrain":[134],"magnitude":[136],"spatial":[138],"distribution":[139],"Experimental":[143],"results":[144],"successfully":[151],"find":[152],"deep":[156,174],"vision.":[158],"Our":[159],"DMV-JND":[160],"facilitates":[161],"possible":[163],"direction":[164],"DMV-oriented":[166],"compression,":[170],"watermarking,":[171],"quality":[172],"assessment,":[173],"neural":[175],"network":[176],"security,":[177],"so":[179],"on.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
