{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199474181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","title":"Simultaneous Face Completion and Frontalization via Mask Guided Two-Stage GAN","display_name":"Simultaneous Face Completion and Frontalization via Mask Guided Two-Stage GAN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199474181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","mag":"3199474181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033073191","display_name":"Qingyan Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-1871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyan Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106578837","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785348","display_name":"Xinbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033073191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9073366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"3761","last_page":"3773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8406685590744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7824391722679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6850519776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6269484758377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.56376051902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5288596749305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5261837244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5198936462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion","display_name":"Occlusion","score":0.4939125180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3744077682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34882599115371704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8406685590744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7824391722679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6850519776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6269484758377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.56376051902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5288596749305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5261837244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5198936462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968808","display_name":"Occlusion","level":2,"score":0.4939125180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3744077682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34882599115371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3111648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6051203138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444333968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CDCGTX061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G913836228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62036007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134498629","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1991174941","https://openalex.org/W1993120651","https://openalex.org/W1994619529","https://openalex.org/W2037231462","https://openalex.org/W2071080980","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2217448953","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2405756170","https://openalex.org/W2508385416","https://openalex.org/W2519280274","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2584229793","https://openalex.org/W2606532215","https://openalex.org/W2611104282","https://openalex.org/W2614580201","https://openalex.org/W2617561348","https://openalex.org/W2621210799","https://openalex.org/W2737047298","https://openalex.org/W2738588019","https://openalex.org/W2769176102","https://openalex.org/W2784649957","https://openalex.org/W2788556125","https://openalex.org/W2792275277","https://openalex.org/W2798575809","https://openalex.org/W2902017744","https://openalex.org/W2902412551","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2943314296","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2962922273","https://openalex.org/W2963100452","https://openalex.org/W2963231084","https://openalex.org/W2963250052","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963917315","https://openalex.org/W2964337551","https://openalex.org/W2997600418","https://openalex.org/W3010003739","https://openalex.org/W3012050083","https://openalex.org/W3035678046","https://openalex.org/W3043547428","https://openalex.org/W3091476632","https://openalex.org/W3095866053","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W4295274059","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639118987","https://openalex.org/W6640184732","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6685777725","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6727340567","https://openalex.org/W6736155344","https://openalex.org/W6738234595","https://openalex.org/W6747352758","https://openalex.org/W6748250553","https://openalex.org/W6753629098","https://openalex.org/W6779669310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W3213119959","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W3035470592","https://openalex.org/W2970255644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pose":[0],"variation":[1],"and":[2,25,34,68,81,118,147,236,258,295,301,307,313],"occlusion":[3,26,109],"are":[4,60,149,163,193],"two":[5,54,58,85,144,161,194,223,267],"key":[6],"factors":[7],"that":[8],"affect":[9],"the":[10,17,21,29,57,66,71,103,108,123,136,152,160,168,205,222,238,266,273,318],"accuracy":[11],"of":[12,16,23,31,52,93,122,208,290,320],"face":[13,32,35,120,255,259,309],"recognition.":[14],"Most":[15],"previous":[18],"work":[19],"alleviate":[20],"impacts":[22],"pose":[24],"by":[27],"performing":[28],"tasks":[30,59,162,268],"frontalization":[33,260,297],"completion,":[36],"respectively.":[37],"Specially,":[38],"generative":[39,184],"adversarial":[40,185],"networks":[41],"(GANs)":[42],"based":[43,213],"methods":[44],"have":[45],"made":[46],"a":[47,91,127,179,231,248,284,291,296],"great":[48],"progress":[49],"on":[50,304],"both":[51,278,305],"these":[53,175],"tasks.":[55],"However,":[56,126],"rarely":[61],"paid":[62],"attention":[63,214],"simultaneously.":[64],"Hence,":[65],"synthesis":[67],"recognition":[69],"from":[70],"profile":[72,239],"but":[73,240],"occluded":[74,124,211,241],"facial":[75],"image":[76],"is":[77,111,156,216,219,262],"still":[78],"an":[79,210],"understudied":[80],"challenging":[82],"problem":[83],"in":[84,102,167,197,277],"aspects.":[86],"1)":[87,200],"Occlusion":[88],"mask,":[89],"as":[90,131,230],"kind":[92],"noise,":[94,209],"can":[95],"be":[96],"some":[97],"very":[98],"important":[99],"prior":[100,128,140,206],"information":[101,155,207,276],"corrupted":[104],"image.":[105],"In":[106,171,201],"particular,":[107],"mask":[110,137,181,212,228],"often":[112],"used":[113],"to":[114,134,173,203,233,264],"fit":[115],"this":[116,198],"noise":[117,139],"help":[119],"restoration":[121],"region.":[125],"work,":[129],"such":[130],"BoostGAN,":[132],"failed":[133],"utilize":[135,204],"guided":[138,182],"information.":[141],"2)":[142,243],"The":[143],"tasks,":[145],"de-occlusion":[146],"frontalization,":[148],"collaborative,":[150],"so":[151],"identity":[153,275],"discriminative":[154,274],"easily":[157],"lost":[158],"if":[159],"not":[164],"organically":[165],"unified":[166],"training":[169],"phase.":[170],"order":[172,202],"overcome":[174],"challenges,":[176],"we":[177,282],"propose":[178,283],"novel":[180,285],"two-stage":[183,249],"network":[186,257],"(":[187,251],"<bold":[188],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[189,253],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">TSGAN</b>":[190],").":[191],"There":[192],"major":[195],"contributions":[196],"work:":[199],"model":[215],"proposed,":[217],"which":[218],"integrated":[220],"into":[221],"stages":[224,279],"via":[225],"U-connection.":[226],"This":[227],"works":[229],"guidance":[232],"simultaneously":[234],"repair":[235],"frontalize":[237],"faces.":[242],"An":[244],"end-to-end":[245],"paradigm":[246],"with":[247,311],"architecture":[250],"<italic":[252],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e.,</i>":[254],"deocclusion":[256,292],"network)":[261],"proposed":[263],"complete":[265],"jointly.":[269],"Furthermore,":[270],"for":[271],"preserving":[272],"more":[280],"effectively,":[281],"dual":[286],"triplet":[287,293,298],"loss,":[288],"consisting":[289],"loss":[294],"loss.":[299],"Qualitative":[300],"quantitative":[302],"experiments":[303],"constrained":[306],"unconstrained":[308],"datasets":[310],"regular":[312],"irregular":[314],"(natural)":[315],"occlusions":[316],"demonstrate":[317],"superiority":[319],"our":[321],"approach.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}