{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154567741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","title":"VVC Complexity and Software Implementation Analysis","display_name":"VVC Complexity and Software Implementation Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154567741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","mag":"3154567741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/76/9556114/09399488.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/76/9556114/09399488.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037174849","display_name":"Frank Bossen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-0842"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Bossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharp Electronics of Canada Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-0842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharp Electronics of Canada Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027663747","display_name":"Karsten S\u00fchring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-5026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Suhring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Coding and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications–Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-5026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Coding and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications–Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058776579","display_name":"Adam Wieckowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-5803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Wieckowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Coding and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications–Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-5803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Coding and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications–Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449791","display_name":"Shan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70745867","display_name":"KLA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqhpa98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70745867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent America, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-1207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent America, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70745867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98781549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"10","first_page":"3765","last_page":"3778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8118724226951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.7503032088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5870558619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.578449547290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5703130960464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.5629331469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-quality","display_name":"Video quality","score":0.4806891083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-software","display_name":"Reference software","score":0.4691670536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4688222110271454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-ratio","display_name":"Compression ratio","score":0.4464595913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4171808362007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3967435956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35810309648513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28155338764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08821520209312439}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8118724226951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7503032088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5870558619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.578449547290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5703130960464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.5629331469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.4806891083717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776493296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307150","display_name":"Reference software","level":3,"score":0.4691670536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4688222110271454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25797200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828137","display_name":"Compression ratio","level":3,"score":0.4464595913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4171808362007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3967435956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35810309648513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28155338764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08821520209312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/76/9556114/09399488.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-637334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-637334.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer HHI","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/269158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/269158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3072204","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/76/9556114/09399488.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154567741.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154567741.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969665649","https://openalex.org/W2033140753","https://openalex.org/W2970920603","https://openalex.org/W2987291011","https://openalex.org/W3090989352","https://openalex.org/W3091230993","https://openalex.org/W3112254849","https://openalex.org/W3117220927","https://openalex.org/W3152708635","https://openalex.org/W3153323090","https://openalex.org/W3153617831","https://openalex.org/W3154281209","https://openalex.org/W3168057692","https://openalex.org/W6787007513","https://openalex.org/W6787984356","https://openalex.org/W6793583403","https://openalex.org/W6793883806","https://openalex.org/W6793982338","https://openalex.org/W6794138746","https://openalex.org/W6795902446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000009229","https://openalex.org/W2378743633","https://openalex.org/W2076967133","https://openalex.org/W2162996967","https://openalex.org/W3194926501","https://openalex.org/W3186320415","https://openalex.org/W2014589784","https://openalex.org/W4312732551","https://openalex.org/W2022222465","https://openalex.org/W3154567741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"steady":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,11,85],"available":[4],"processing":[5],"power":[6],"continues":[7],"to":[8,24],"drive":[9],"advances":[10],"video":[12,37],"compression":[13,27,116],"technology.":[14],"The":[15],"recently":[16],"completed":[17],"Versatile":[18],"Video":[19],"Coding":[20],"(VVC)":[21],"standard":[22],"aims":[23],"double":[25],"the":[26,40,56,115,130,134],"efficiency":[28,54],"of":[29,36,58,67,92,101,114,118,129],"HEVC":[30,121],"and":[31,69],"deliver":[32],"a":[33,64,126],"same":[34],"quality":[35],"at":[38,55,125],"half":[39],"bitrate.":[41],"To":[42],"achieve":[43],"this":[44],"goal,":[45],"VVC":[46,68,75,119],"includes":[47],"several":[48],"new":[49],"methods":[50],"that":[51,98,112],"improve":[52],"coding":[53],"cost":[57],"increased":[59],"complexity.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"provides":[63],"complexity":[65],"analysis":[66],"its":[70],"VTM":[71,135],"reference":[72],"software.":[73],"Whereas":[74],"is":[76,104,108],"more":[77],"complex":[78],"than":[79],"HEVC,":[80],"it":[81],"remains":[82],"readily":[83],"implementable":[84],"software":[86],"on":[87],"current":[88],"generation":[89],"processors.":[90],"Performance":[91],"practical":[93],"decoders":[94],"are":[95],"reported,":[96],"showing":[97,111],"real-time":[99],"decoding":[100],"8K":[102],"content":[103],"feasible.":[105],"An":[106],"encoder":[107,136],"also":[109],"presented,":[110],"most":[113],"gains":[117],"over":[120],"can":[122],"be":[123],"obtained":[124],"small":[127],"fraction":[128],"resources":[131],"needed":[132],"by":[133],"under":[137],"common":[138],"test":[139],"conditions.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}