{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112027556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","title":"CNN-Based Classification of Degraded Images With Awareness of Degradation Levels","display_name":"CNN-Based Classification of Degraded Images With Awareness of Degradation Levels","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112027556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","mag":"3112027556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038407855","display_name":"Kazuki Endo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Endo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-739X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040292386","display_name":"Masayuki Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5756-1904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5756-1904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024453747","display_name":"Masatoshi Okutomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-0742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masatoshi Okutomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-0742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.15,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81428206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"10","first_page":"4046","last_page":"4057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.724407434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7179275751113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6938988566398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6552015542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5836163759231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.5006103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4612720012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45372605323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.4434250593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4354018568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4011335074901581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3764382302761078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.724407434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7179275751113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6938988566398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6552015542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5836163759231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.5006103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4612720012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45372605323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.4434250593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4354018568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4011335074901581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3764382302761078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3045659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1930824406","https://openalex.org/W1936750108","https://openalex.org/W2023005931","https://openalex.org/W2027898483","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2161516371","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2526855650","https://openalex.org/W2602572945","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2810077221","https://openalex.org/W2890521849","https://openalex.org/W2891053177","https://openalex.org/W2895240252","https://openalex.org/W2897346729","https://openalex.org/W2905701479","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962960620","https://openalex.org/W2963102887","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964540618","https://openalex.org/W2972382244","https://openalex.org/W2976635277","https://openalex.org/W2985321619","https://openalex.org/W2996270246","https://openalex.org/W3024979424","https://openalex.org/W3034240087","https://openalex.org/W3049728628","https://openalex.org/W3088981614","https://openalex.org/W3089816516","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4242059867","https://openalex.org/W4287777070","https://openalex.org/W6602211262","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6683660953","https://openalex.org/W6755173588","https://openalex.org/W6757460206","https://openalex.org/W6777767306","https://openalex.org/W6783797480","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4378678253","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2972076240","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W2964843961","https://openalex.org/W3010730661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"classification":[1,121,125],"needs":[2],"to":[3,33],"consider":[4],"the":[5,20,68,97,114,124],"existence":[6],"of":[7,18,59,64,85,107,116,127],"image":[8],"degradations":[9,84],"in":[10],"practice.":[11],"Although":[12],"degraded":[13,35,60,102,128],"images":[14,36,61,103],"have":[15],"various":[16,105],"levels":[17,22,58,70,106],"degradation,":[19],"degradation":[21,57,69],"are":[23,71,91],"usually":[24],"unknown.":[25],"This":[26,109],"paper":[27,110],"proposes":[28],"a":[29,39,120],"convolutional":[30],"neural":[31],"network":[32,41,48,76,99,122],"classify":[34,101],"by":[37,54],"using":[38,55],"restoration":[40],"and":[42,62,89],"an":[43],"ensemble":[44,52],"learning.":[45],"The":[46,74],"proposed":[47,75,98],"can":[49,100],"automatically":[50],"infer":[51],"weights":[53],"estimated":[56,72],"features":[63],"restored":[65],"images,":[66],"where":[67],"internally.":[73],"is":[77],"mainly":[78],"discussed":[79],"with":[80],"JPEG":[81],"distortion,":[82],"while":[83],"both":[86],"Gaussian":[87],"noise":[88],"blurring":[90],"also":[92,111],"examined.":[93],"We":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"that":[96],"over":[104],"degradation.":[108],"reveals":[112],"how":[113],"image-quality":[115],"training":[117],"data":[118],"for":[119],"affects":[123],"performance":[126],"images.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
