{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3061797349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","title":"Are You Confident That You Have Successfully Generated Adversarial Examples?","display_name":"Are You Confident That You Have Successfully Generated Adversarial Examples?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3061797349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","mag":"3061797349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053298425","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-7973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027718772","display_name":"Mengnan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-4266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengnan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757829","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032700564","display_name":"Fei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-0335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043524348","display_name":"Zhan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Institute of Cyberspace Research (ICSR), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Research (ICSR), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000596496","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-6277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Institute of Cyberspace Research (ICSR), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Research (ICSR), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053298425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81119178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"2089","last_page":"2099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9369429349899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7914364337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.7293234467506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.6668151021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6308361291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6102685928344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5649532675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.561381995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4679528474807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4627532958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45757412910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4434617757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4305571913719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09806692600250244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9369429349899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914364337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7293234467506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.6668151021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6308361291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6102685928344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5649532675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.561381995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4679528474807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4627532958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45757412910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4434617757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4305571913719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09806692600250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3017006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2613757519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5124436249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6771051287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8750985170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143993393","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1974183283","https://openalex.org/W1995712965","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2503523779","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2590523583","https://openalex.org/W2593892853","https://openalex.org/W2594867206","https://openalex.org/W2604505099","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2727966874","https://openalex.org/W2763443044","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2891797654","https://openalex.org/W2950468330","https://openalex.org/W2962759300","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963431851","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963677936","https://openalex.org/W2963834268","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2964285471","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2973252307","https://openalex.org/W2995404272","https://openalex.org/W3012909934","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4293584023","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297573953","https://openalex.org/W4300725094","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6725195833","https://openalex.org/W6733645847","https://openalex.org/W6734483310","https://openalex.org/W6734787559","https://openalex.org/W6736207377","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6740446203","https://openalex.org/W6744679260","https://openalex.org/W6745326292","https://openalex.org/W6751839145","https://openalex.org/W6754778609","https://openalex.org/W6765966149","https://openalex.org/W6771683604","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312352990","https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"seen":[5],"extensive":[6],"studies":[7,20],"on":[8],"image":[9,13],"recognition":[10],"and":[11,15],"classification,":[12],"segmentation,":[14],"related":[16],"topics.":[17],"However,":[18],"recent":[19],"show":[21],"that":[22,94,161],"DNNs":[23],"are":[24,47,125],"vulnerable":[25],"in":[26],"defending":[27],"adversarial":[28,64,77,123,156],"examples.":[29,65],"The":[30,116],"classification":[31,92,109],"network":[32],"can":[33,95,112],"be":[34,96,113],"deceived":[35],"by":[36],"adding":[37,104],"a":[38,54,60,72,84,89,99,105,138],"small":[39],"amount":[40],"of":[41,63,82,120,151,170],"perturbation":[42],"to":[43,52,57,75,107,128,145,154],"clean":[44],"samples.":[45],"There":[46],"challenges":[48],"when":[49],"researchers":[50],"want":[51],"design":[53],"general":[55],"approach":[56],"defend":[58],"against":[59],"wide":[61],"variety":[62],"To":[66],"solve":[67],"this":[68],"problem,":[69],"we":[70,87,134],"introduce":[71],"defensive":[73],"method":[74,141,164],"prevent":[76],"examples":[78,124],"from":[79],"generating.":[80],"Instead":[81],"designing":[83],"stronger":[85],"classifier,":[86],"built":[88],"more":[90],"robust":[91],"system":[93],"viewed":[97],"as":[98],"structural":[100],"black":[101],"box.":[102],"After":[103],"buffer":[106,153],"the":[108,121,130,149,152,162,167],"system,":[110],"attackers":[111],"efficiently":[114],"deceived.":[115],"real":[117],"evaluation":[118],"results":[119],"generated":[122],"often":[126],"contrary":[127],"what":[129],"attacker":[131],"thinks.":[132],"Additionally,":[133],"do":[135],"not":[136],"assume":[137],"specific":[139],"attack":[140],"premise.":[142],"This":[143],"incognizance":[144],"underlying":[146],"attacks":[147],"demonstrates":[148],"generalizability":[150],"potential":[155],"attacks.":[157],"Extensive":[158],"experiments":[159],"indicate":[160],"defense":[163],"greatly":[165],"improves":[166],"security":[168],"performance":[169],"DNNs.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
