{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041649534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","title":"On the Optimal Encoding Ladder of Tiled 360\u00b0 Videos for Head-Mounted Virtual Reality","display_name":"On the Optimal Encoding Ladder of Tiled 360\u00b0 Videos for Head-Mounted Virtual Reality","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041649534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","mag":"3041649534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032849861","display_name":"Ching-Ling Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-6897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Ling Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040957835","display_name":"Shou-Cheng Yen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shou-Cheng Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087811659","display_name":"Chun\u2010Ying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034696208","display_name":"Cheng-Hsin Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8116-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hsin Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032849861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79636351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"1632","last_page":"1647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8170552253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-adaptive-streaming-over-http","display_name":"Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP","score":0.7834799289703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5840281248092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5682744979858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewport","display_name":"Viewport","score":0.5344858169555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48304086923599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44619566202163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.44123774766921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4295057952404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.41365641355514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33679336309432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27131393551826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.15198948979377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1292647421360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09779834747314453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8170552253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777588599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135299","display_name":"Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP","level":4,"score":0.7834799289703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5840281248092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5682744979858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778090530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2523931","display_name":"Viewport","level":2,"score":0.5344858169555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48304086923599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44619566202163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.44123774766921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4295057952404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.41365641355514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33679336309432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27131393551826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.15198948979377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1292647421360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09779834747314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3007288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1403445165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2221-E-007-091-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6713884839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2221-E-009-028-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1669104078","https://openalex.org/W1971026372","https://openalex.org/W1993721485","https://openalex.org/W2007585365","https://openalex.org/W2014504480","https://openalex.org/W2038818196","https://openalex.org/W2068728923","https://openalex.org/W2087895971","https://openalex.org/W2095709228","https://openalex.org/W2127034683","https://openalex.org/W2160046865","https://openalex.org/W2169161136","https://openalex.org/W2294924997","https://openalex.org/W2394653952","https://openalex.org/W2400878902","https://openalex.org/W2407574721","https://openalex.org/W2503361011","https://openalex.org/W2506072818","https://openalex.org/W2523901075","https://openalex.org/W2523974527","https://openalex.org/W2527384707","https://openalex.org/W2602023803","https://openalex.org/W2603175967","https://openalex.org/W2623181870","https://openalex.org/W2623784065","https://openalex.org/W2624991012","https://openalex.org/W2744068077","https://openalex.org/W2744738758","https://openalex.org/W2765883820","https://openalex.org/W2766090788","https://openalex.org/W2766324256","https://openalex.org/W2776534371","https://openalex.org/W2781482160","https://openalex.org/W2790332858","https://openalex.org/W2794185600","https://openalex.org/W2809370577","https://openalex.org/W2896840651","https://openalex.org/W2906364736","https://openalex.org/W2913640218","https://openalex.org/W2918877291","https://openalex.org/W2949631142","https://openalex.org/W2953052707","https://openalex.org/W2963393580","https://openalex.org/W2963603324","https://openalex.org/W2964942120","https://openalex.org/W2971680322","https://openalex.org/W3010862052","https://openalex.org/W3090186338","https://openalex.org/W3105022665","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4255202267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2495151039","https://openalex.org/W3036519337","https://openalex.org/W2095062821","https://openalex.org/W4381661641","https://openalex.org/W4293195325","https://openalex.org/W2767363885","https://openalex.org/W2963603324","https://openalex.org/W4301034753","https://openalex.org/W2738686609","https://openalex.org/W3041649534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"Adaptive":[1],"Streaming":[2],"over":[3],"HTTP":[4],"(DASH)":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"by":[10,50,205,226],"several":[11],"popular":[12],"streaming":[13,43,58,135],"services,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"YouTube,":[17],"Netflix,":[18],"and":[19,91,119,147,153,209,246,251],"Facebook.":[20],"Adopting":[21],"DASH":[22],"requires":[23],"to":[24,34,53,65,77,94,104,123,158,167,183,207,228],"pre-determine":[25],"a":[26,36,101,177],"set":[27,37],"of":[28,38,133,143,162,179,195,248],"encoding":[29,32,75],"configurations,":[30],"called":[31],"ladder,":[33],"generate":[35],"representations":[39,46],"stored":[40],"on":[41,172],"the":[42,67,73,79,96,106,125,130,134,144,160,173,180,185,193,202,223,256],"server.":[44,136],"These":[45],"are":[47,156],"adaptively":[48],"requested":[49],"clients":[51,115],"according":[52],"their":[54],"network":[55],"conditions":[56],"during":[57],"sessions.":[59],"In":[60,83],"this":[61],"article,":[62],"we":[63,85,175],"aim":[64],"solve":[66,184],"optimal":[68,74,186,233],"laddering":[69,187,234],"problem":[70,107],"that":[71],"determines":[72],"ladder":[76],"maximize":[78,124],"client":[80,92],"viewing":[81,89,127],"quality.":[82],"particular,":[84],"consider":[86],"video":[87],"models,":[88],"probability,":[90],"distribution":[93],"formulate":[95],"mathematical":[97],"problem.":[98,188],"We":[99,137],"use":[100],"divide-and-conquer":[102],"approach":[103],"decompose":[105],"into":[108],"two":[109,139],"subproblems:":[110],"(i)":[111,200],"per-class":[112,145,219],"optimization":[113,122,146,149],"for":[114,141,232],"with":[116],"different":[117,243],"bandwidths":[118],"(ii)":[120,221],"global":[121,148,236],"overall":[126],"quality":[128],"under":[129,242],"storage":[131,244],"limit":[132],"propose":[138],"algorithms":[140,182,204,225],"each":[142],"problems.":[150],"Analytical":[151],"analysis":[152],"real":[154],"experiments":[155],"conducted":[157],"evaluate":[159],"performance":[161],"our":[163,196],"proposed":[164,181],"algorithms,":[165,198],"compared":[166],"other":[168],"state-of-the-art":[169,203,224,257],"algorithms.":[170,258],"Based":[171],"results,":[174],"recommend":[176],"combination":[178],"The":[189],"evaluation":[190],"results":[191],"show":[192],"merits":[194],"recommended":[197],"which:":[199],"outperform":[201,222],"up":[206,227],"52.17":[208],"26.35":[210],"in":[211,218,230,235],"Viewport":[212],"Video":[213],"Multi-Method":[214],"Assessment":[215],"Fusion":[216],"(V-VMAF)":[217],"optimization,":[220,237],"43.14":[229],"V-VMAF":[231],"(iii)":[238],"achieve":[239],"good":[240],"scalability":[241],"limits":[245],"number":[247],"bandwidth":[249],"classes,":[250],"(iv)":[252],"run":[253],"faster":[254],"than":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
