{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963017889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","title":"Image De-Raining Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network","display_name":"Image De-Raining Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963017889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","mag":"2963017889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420133","display_name":"He Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-6820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-6820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036034054","display_name":"Vishwanath A. Sindagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-5547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishwanath Sindagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004716468","display_name":"Vishal M. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal M. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-692X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.7179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99907696,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"11","first_page":"3943","last_page":"3956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8103265166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7254018783569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6425203084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6240431666374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5945864319801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5104655027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5024590492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4968908131122589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4964964985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4518257975578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.43530669808387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41799330711364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.41792091727256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4142364263534546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8103265166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7254018783569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6425203084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6240431666374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5945864319801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5104655027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5024590492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4968908131122589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4964964985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4518257975578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.43530669808387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41799330711364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.41792091727256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4142364263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5673379570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-16-1-0126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W753012316","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1965572510","https://openalex.org/W1972568768","https://openalex.org/W1981337995","https://openalex.org/W1992687477","https://openalex.org/W2004346156","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2096933452","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2113569611","https://openalex.org/W2119535410","https://openalex.org/W2121396509","https://openalex.org/W2121651107","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2146337213","https://openalex.org/W2154621477","https://openalex.org/W2154996879","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2209874411","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2466666260","https://openalex.org/W2509784253","https://openalex.org/W2520164769","https://openalex.org/W2521028896","https://openalex.org/W2525063107","https://openalex.org/W2559264300","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2609887106","https://openalex.org/W2613034492","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2613955579","https://openalex.org/W2731516742","https://openalex.org/W2740982616","https://openalex.org/W2777170053","https://openalex.org/W2777241530","https://openalex.org/W2798617638","https://openalex.org/W2799215068","https://openalex.org/W2802500193","https://openalex.org/W2888632407","https://openalex.org/W2962825119","https://openalex.org/W2963014378","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963156682","https://openalex.org/W2963214698","https://openalex.org/W2963306157","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963413689","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963468256","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963784072","https://openalex.org/W2963878020","https://openalex.org/W2963966654","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W2964046669","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964212750","https://openalex.org/W2964267765","https://openalex.org/W3043547428","https://openalex.org/W3106370837","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6622239757","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6676338569","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6681686951","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6702130928","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6720691552","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6726381175","https://openalex.org/W6727340567","https://openalex.org/W6727501944","https://openalex.org/W6727882310","https://openalex.org/W6738549143","https://openalex.org/W6746294920","https://openalex.org/W6746511181","https://openalex.org/W6747017484","https://openalex.org/W6748421764","https://openalex.org/W6750282819","https://openalex.org/W6751617955","https://openalex.org/W6757800662","https://openalex.org/W6765732119","https://openalex.org/W6786054285","https://openalex.org/W6967015580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995777218","https://openalex.org/W3217069185","https://openalex.org/W4308928038","https://openalex.org/W3049340819","https://openalex.org/W4200430540","https://openalex.org/W3141413246","https://openalex.org/W3171025045","https://openalex.org/W4322709305","https://openalex.org/W2808862658","https://openalex.org/W4391899165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Severe":[0],"weather":[1],"conditions,":[2,18],"such":[3,17,30],"as":[4],"rain":[5],"and":[6,26,107,130,152,177,210,223,243],"snow,":[7],"adversely":[8],"affect":[9,34],"the":[10,35,46,53,58,72,86,134,163,170,215,228,247,256,260,267],"visual":[11,155,244],"quality":[12],"of":[13,37,48,57,71,241,262],"images":[14,32,225,271],"captured":[15],"under":[16],"thus":[19],"rendering":[20],"them":[21],"useless":[22],"for":[23,137],"further":[24],"usage":[25],"sharing.":[27],"In":[28,113],"addition,":[29],"degraded":[31,272],"drastically":[33],"performance":[36,213,269],"vision":[38],"systems.":[39],"Hence,":[40],"it":[41],"is":[42,144,160,172,185],"important":[43],"to":[44,65,109,115,120,174,180],"address":[45],"problem":[47,59],"single":[49,194,235],"image":[50,88,184,195,199,236],"de-raining.":[51],"However,":[52],"inherent":[54],"ill-posed":[55],"nature":[56],"presents":[60],"several":[61],"challenges.":[62],"We":[63],"attempt":[64],"leverage":[66,175],"powerful":[67],"generative":[68,76,202],"modeling":[69],"capabilities":[70],"recently":[73,164],"introduced":[74,149,165],"conditional":[75,201],"adversarial":[77,100,203],"networks":[78],"(CGAN)":[79],"by":[80,150,273],"enforcing":[81],"an":[82,183],"additional":[83,105],"constraint":[84],"that":[85,206,227],"de-rained":[87],"must":[89],"be":[90],"indistinguishable":[91],"from":[92,102],"its":[93],"corresponding":[94],"ground":[95],"truth":[96],"clean":[97],"image.":[98],"The":[99,141,157,218],"loss":[101,128,142],"GAN":[103],"provides":[104],"regularization":[106],"helps":[108],"achieve":[110],"superior":[111],"results.":[112,140],"addition":[114],"presenting":[116],"a":[117,125,192],"new":[118,126],"approach":[119],"de-rain":[121],"images,":[122],"we":[123,190],"introduce":[124],"refined":[127],"function":[129,143],"architectural":[131],"novelties":[132],"in":[133,239,265],"generator-discriminator":[135],"pair":[136],"achieving":[138],"improved":[139],"aimed":[145],"at":[146],"reducing":[147],"artifacts":[148],"GANs":[151],"ensure":[153],"better":[154],"quality.":[156],"generator":[158],"sub-network":[159],"constructed":[161],"using":[162,255],"densely":[166],"connected":[167],"networks,":[168],"whereas":[169],"discriminator":[171],"designed":[173],"global":[176],"local":[178],"information":[179],"decide":[181],"if":[182],"real/fake.":[186],"Based":[187],"on":[188,221,251,270],"this,":[189],"propose":[191],"novel":[193],"de-raining":[196,200,237],"method":[197,230,264],"called":[198],"network":[204],"(ID-CGAN)":[205],"considers":[207],"quantitative,":[208],"visual,":[209],"also":[211,258],"discriminative":[212],"into":[214],"objective":[216],"function.":[217],"experiments":[219],"evaluated":[220,250],"synthetic":[222],"real":[224],"show":[226],"proposed":[229,263],"outperforms":[231],"many":[232],"recent":[233],"state-of-the-art":[234],"methods":[238],"terms":[240],"quantitative":[242],"performances.":[245],"Furthermore,":[246],"experimental":[248],"results":[249],"object":[252],"detection":[253,268],"datasets":[254],"Faster-RCNN":[257],"demonstrate":[259],"effectiveness":[261],"improving":[266],"rain.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":164},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":185},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":159},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-06-30T13:55:48.251075","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}