{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911098213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","title":"Downscaling Factor Estimation on Pre-JPEG Compressed Images","display_name":"Downscaling Factor Estimation on Pre-JPEG Compressed Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911098213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","mag":"2911098213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103153689","display_name":"Xianjin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-7559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083054357","display_name":"Wei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-1766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-1766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101976479","display_name":"Qin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-9063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047964483","display_name":"Jiwu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-5689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-5689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111876760","display_name":"Yun-Qing Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Qing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95535168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"618","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9397000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.909600019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.7754518985748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.753545880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.6224304437637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6133466958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6030203700065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5442126989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.534247100353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5173829793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-jpeg","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","score":0.4599330723285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42185232043266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.413049578666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3148352801799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.1401437520980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.7754518985748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.753545880317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.6224304437637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6133466958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6030203700065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5442126989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.534247100353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5173829793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8384606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2190356","display_name":"Lossless JPEG","level":5,"score":0.4599330723285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42185232043266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.413049578666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3148352801799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.1401437520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2893353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2222041904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016KZ010103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3071496763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201804020068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334898","funder_display_name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4414785203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641777001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5806232392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016A030313350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7204306248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17lgjc45","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7267316459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16lgjc83","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334898","display_name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91715781","https://openalex.org/W1955437626","https://openalex.org/W1975528596","https://openalex.org/W1984330335","https://openalex.org/W1995970271","https://openalex.org/W2006466044","https://openalex.org/W2012037220","https://openalex.org/W2021914768","https://openalex.org/W2023543621","https://openalex.org/W2028384798","https://openalex.org/W2044247822","https://openalex.org/W2046004745","https://openalex.org/W2049771774","https://openalex.org/W2070484489","https://openalex.org/W2084252081","https://openalex.org/W2096338590","https://openalex.org/W2103534626","https://openalex.org/W2119559829","https://openalex.org/W2135958912","https://openalex.org/W2142610050","https://openalex.org/W2155180118","https://openalex.org/W2162156567","https://openalex.org/W2198175342","https://openalex.org/W2335967841","https://openalex.org/W2532188585","https://openalex.org/W2541429634","https://openalex.org/W2545647416","https://openalex.org/W2596832842","https://openalex.org/W2610001287","https://openalex.org/W2735519720","https://openalex.org/W2811507150","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4255023712","https://openalex.org/W6673988619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173684497","https://openalex.org/W3190486427","https://openalex.org/W2095511247","https://openalex.org/W2134324324","https://openalex.org/W2913920880","https://openalex.org/W1969188281","https://openalex.org/W1992410481","https://openalex.org/W2976672386","https://openalex.org/W2026465795","https://openalex.org/W1013688086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resampling":[0],"detection":[1,20,57,72,213],"is":[2,21,26,34,40],"one":[3],"of":[4,64,73,95,102,113,121,129,135,171],"the":[5,13,27,37,56,61,65,92,100,111,123,127,136,144,147,159,165,168,175,179,190,198,203,211],"most":[6,14,28],"important":[7],"topics":[8],"in":[9,18,99,158],"image":[10,31,103,192],"forensics,":[11],"and":[12,54,116,178,196],"widely":[15,29],"used":[16,30],"method":[17,89,200,214],"resampling":[19,38,138],"spectral":[22,62,199],"analysis.":[23],"Since":[24],"JPEG":[25,43,45,106,149,185],"format,":[32],"it":[33],"reasonable":[35],"that":[36,164,210],"operation":[39],"processed":[41],"on":[42],"images.":[44,186],"block":[46,150],"artifacts":[47,151],"bring":[48],"severe":[49],"interference":[50],"to":[51,80,90,201],"spectrum-based":[52],"methods":[53],"degrade":[55],"performance.":[58],"In":[59,83],"addition,":[60],"characteristics":[63],"downscaling":[66,74,93,104,145],"scenarios":[67],"are":[68,140],"very":[69],"weak.":[70],"The":[71,132,206],"still":[75],"presents":[76],"a":[77,88],"considerable":[78],"challenge":[79],"forensic":[81],"applications.":[82],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,188],"propose":[87],"estimate":[91],"factors":[94,125],"pre-JPEG":[96],"compressed":[97],"images":[98,115,173],"presence":[101],"after":[105],"compressions.":[107],"We":[108,162],"first":[109],"analyze":[110],"spectrum":[112],"scaled":[114],"give":[117],"an":[118],"exact":[119],"formulation":[120],"how":[122],"scaling":[124],"influence":[126],"appearance":[128],"periodic":[130,153,182],"artifacts.":[131],"expected":[133],"positions":[134],"characteristic":[137,160],"peaks":[139,183],"analytically":[141],"derived.":[142],"For":[143],"scenario,":[146],"shifted":[148],"produce":[152],"peaks,":[154],"which":[155],"cause":[156],"misdetection":[157],"peak.":[161],"find":[163],"interval":[166,194],"between":[167],"adjacent":[169],"extrema":[170],"difference":[172,191],"obeys":[174],"geometric":[176],"distribution":[177,180],"has":[181],"for":[184],"Hence,":[187],"adopt":[189],"extremum":[193],"histogram":[195],"combine":[197],"obtain":[202],"final":[204],"estimation.":[205],"experimental":[207],"results":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"proposed":[212],"outperforms":[215],"some":[216],"state-of-the-art":[217],"methods.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
