{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791866340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","title":"Weak to Strong Detector Learning for Simultaneous Classification and Localization","display_name":"Weak to Strong Detector Learning for Simultaneous Classification and Localization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791866340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","mag":"2791866340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614065","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-5748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002494284","display_name":"Hongkai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059372830","display_name":"Weiyao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111504451","display_name":"Qi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-4325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75676722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"418","last_page":"432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8624604940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7882407903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6593749523162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6394320130348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6241693496704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5665104389190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5080797672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.44786423444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4286332130432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42591068148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4242801368236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07847139239311218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8624604940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7882407903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6593749523162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6394320130348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6241693496704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5665104389190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5080797672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.44786423444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4286332130432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42591068148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4242801368236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07847139239311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2018.2797923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2463969027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61425011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3464654857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61529101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3628871441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G390691448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4293875619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61622112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4969694544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17XD1401900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6372974985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61429201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6581071229","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ec4\u7fa4\u4e0e\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W82130502","https://openalex.org/W166750225","https://openalex.org/W315880484","https://openalex.org/W824377753","https://openalex.org/W1146399046","https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1567302070","https://openalex.org/W1590510366","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1934621328","https://openalex.org/W1989684337","https://openalex.org/W1994488211","https://openalex.org/W2016016818","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2033832873","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2039507552","https://openalex.org/W2044632064","https://openalex.org/W2061629163","https://openalex.org/W2097901569","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2106841609","https://openalex.org/W2106848050","https://openalex.org/W2108745803","https://openalex.org/W2109326754","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2115628259","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2139468722","https://openalex.org/W2141951373","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161381512","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2248800885","https://openalex.org/W2296096135","https://openalex.org/W2298532145","https://openalex.org/W2338487424","https://openalex.org/W2441255125","https://openalex.org/W2479109623","https://openalex.org/W2499468060","https://openalex.org/W2521131896","https://openalex.org/W2553769569","https://openalex.org/W2952331286","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W2963603913","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4298170185","https://openalex.org/W6600313631","https://openalex.org/W6606767076","https://openalex.org/W6610784610","https://openalex.org/W6631498818","https://openalex.org/W6635258101","https://openalex.org/W6636412649","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6675803743","https://openalex.org/W6676245398","https://openalex.org/W6677322961","https://openalex.org/W6681030356","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684872329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"learning":[4,43,56,126],"discriminative":[5,86],"part":[6,34],"detectors":[7,35,64,78,93,109,160],"with":[8,110],"only":[9,81],"image-level":[10],"labels.":[11],"To":[12],"this":[13,89],"end,":[14],"we":[15,39,60,106,118],"need":[16],"to":[17,54,75,96,151],"develop":[18],"effective":[19,163],"technologies":[20],"for":[21,83,101,167],"both":[22,168],"pattern":[23],"mining":[24],"and":[25,48,69,171],"detection":[26],"learning.":[27,104],"Different":[28],"from":[29,65,113,141],"previous":[30],"methods,":[31],"which":[32,117],"train":[33],"in":[36],"one":[37],"step,":[38],"divide":[40],"the":[41,66,91,114,132,142,158,182],"detector":[42,103],"process":[44],"into":[45],"two":[46],"stages":[47],"formulate":[49,119],"it":[50],"as":[51,120],"a":[52,71,84,121,148],"weak":[53,77,92,115],"strong":[55,102,108],"framework.":[57],"In":[58,88],"particular,":[59],"first":[61],"learn":[62,107],"exemplar":[63],"unaligned":[67],"patterns":[68,100,111],"perform":[70],"detector-based":[72],"spectral":[73],"clustering":[74],"produce":[76,161],"that":[79],"are":[80,94],"responsible":[82],"few":[85],"patterns.":[87],"way,":[90],"able":[95],"offer":[97],"right":[98],"initial":[99],"Second,":[105],"discovered":[112],"detectors,":[116],"confidence-loss":[122],"sparse":[123],"multiple":[124],"instance":[125],"(cls-MIL)":[127],"task.":[128],"The":[129,155],"cls-MIL":[130],"considers":[131],"diversity":[133],"of":[134,157,184],"positive":[135,153],"samples":[136],"while":[137],"avoiding":[138],"drifting":[139],"away":[140],"well":[143,180],"localized":[144],"ones":[145],"by":[146],"assigning":[147],"confidence":[149],"value":[150],"each":[152],"sample.":[154],"responses":[156],"learned":[159],"an":[162],"mid-level":[164],"image":[165,169],"representation":[166],"classification":[170],"object":[172],"localization.":[173],"Experiments":[174],"conducted":[175],"on":[176],"benchmark":[177],"data":[178],"sets":[179],"demonstrate":[181],"superiority":[183],"our":[185],"method":[186],"over":[187],"existing":[188],"approaches.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}