{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2342745613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","title":"Contextual Exemplar Classifier-Based Image Representation for Classification","display_name":"Contextual Exemplar Classifier-Based Image Representation for Classification","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2342745613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","mag":"2342745613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673406","display_name":"Chunjie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028597017","display_name":"Qingming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111504451","display_name":"Qi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2676-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100673406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8411,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95801098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"1691","last_page":"1699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7927545309066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7227474451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.696924090385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6876494288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6817737817764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5755746960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model-in-computer-vision","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","score":0.48854193091392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.45389366149902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.39509451389312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3682255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3511906862258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word","display_name":"Visual Word","score":0.28197890520095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7927545309066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7227474451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.696924090385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6876494288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6817737817764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5755746960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.48854193091392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.45389366149902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.39509451389312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3682255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3511906862258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.28197890520095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2527380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G267313036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6725941346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61303154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7617127572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB351802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8017731688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012CB316400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115232434","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1603728330","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1970007001","https://openalex.org/W1985335759","https://openalex.org/W1989684337","https://openalex.org/W1997294678","https://openalex.org/W2000355138","https://openalex.org/W2000714550","https://openalex.org/W2003561055","https://openalex.org/W2003686830","https://openalex.org/W2012540029","https://openalex.org/W2015887299","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2034266400","https://openalex.org/W2038752770","https://openalex.org/W2040999325","https://openalex.org/W2041259983","https://openalex.org/W2041280778","https://openalex.org/W2051065934","https://openalex.org/W2052575990","https://openalex.org/W2055685931","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2109025943","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2111993661","https://openalex.org/W2112020727","https://openalex.org/W2115471590","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2121743855","https://openalex.org/W2122102310","https://openalex.org/W2122528955","https://openalex.org/W2122808326","https://openalex.org/W2124372976","https://openalex.org/W2125574651","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2132526705","https://openalex.org/W2140406904","https://openalex.org/W2146022472","https://openalex.org/W2150856297","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2154952031","https://openalex.org/W2155490028","https://openalex.org/W2155541015","https://openalex.org/W2155904486","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162762921","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2165828254","https://openalex.org/W2166742463","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2294130536","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2913429812","https://openalex.org/W3143107425","https://openalex.org/W4247915583","https://openalex.org/W4294375521","https://openalex.org/W6634343353","https://openalex.org/W6636236729","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6678145947","https://openalex.org/W6682717316","https://openalex.org/W6682778277","https://openalex.org/W6684872329","https://openalex.org/W6759057345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487808658","https://openalex.org/W2129933262","https://openalex.org/W645268799","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W3043037362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926","https://openalex.org/W2947282851","https://openalex.org/W2541918088","https://openalex.org/W2897900823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"use":[1,122],"of":[2,51,109,119,125],"local":[3,33,37,52,182],"features":[4,15,38,53,62],"for":[5,45,86,92,185],"image":[6,87,104,115,131,151,186],"representation":[7,88],"has":[8,29],"become":[9],"popular":[10],"in":[11,19,75],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"Local":[14],"are":[16,39,41],"often":[17],"used":[18,148],"the":[20,49,57,68,106,123,130,162,173,180],"bag-of-visual-words":[21],"scheme.":[22],"Although":[23],"proven":[24],"effective,":[25],"this":[26,76],"method":[27,85,175],"still":[28],"two":[30,73],"drawbacks.":[31],"First,":[32],"regions":[34,120],"from":[35,105],"which":[36],"extracted":[40],"not":[42],"discriminative":[43],"enough":[44],"visual":[46,61],"tasks.":[47,94],"Hence,":[48],"combination":[50],"is":[54,98,137,147,176],"necessary.":[55],"Second,":[56],"semantic":[58],"gap":[59],"between":[60],"and":[63,89,121,167],"human":[64],"perception":[65],"also":[66],"hinders":[67],"performance.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"these":[72,126],"problems,":[74],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"a":[80,117],"novel":[81],"contextual":[82,135],"exemplar":[83,96,127],"classifier-based":[84],"apply":[90],"it":[91],"classification":[93],"Each":[95],"classifier":[97],"trained":[99],"to":[100,149,178],"separate":[101],"one":[102],"training":[103],"other":[107],"images":[108],"different":[110],"classes.":[111],"We":[112],"partition":[113],"each":[114],"into":[116],"number":[118],"responses":[124],"classifiers":[128],"as":[129],"region's":[132],"representation.":[133],"relationship":[136],"then":[138],"modeled":[139],"using":[140],"mixture":[141],"Dirichlet":[142],"distributions.":[143],"A":[144],"bilayer":[145],"model":[146],"predict":[150],"classes":[152],"with":[153],"L":[154],"<sub":[155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[157],"constraints.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"results":[160],"on":[161],"Natural":[163],"Scene,":[164],"Caltech-101/256,":[165],"Flower-17/102,":[166],"SUN-397":[168],"data":[169],"sets":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172],"proposed":[174],"able":[177],"outperform":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"feature-based":[183],"methods":[184],"classification.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}