{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2512455028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","title":"Patch-Set-Based Representation for Alignment-Free Image Set Classification","display_name":"Patch-Set-Based Representation for Alignment-Free Image Set Classification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2512455028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","mag":"2512455028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034339267","display_name":"Shenghua Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1626-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenghua Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010623863","display_name":"Zinan Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zinan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065964089","display_name":"Kui Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-5700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106725197","display_name":"Tsung\u2010Han Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148979","display_name":"MediaTek (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Han Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediaTek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediaTek Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035112538","display_name":"Jinhui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-222X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034339267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72034413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"1646","last_page":"1658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7618007659912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7233806848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6722074747085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.6184712648391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5897133350372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5737847685813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.530562162399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5189449787139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.495724081993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4707793891429901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4669557511806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-test-image","display_name":"Standard test image","score":0.4662930369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4407113790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.431018590927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37776482105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.22498396039009094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7618007659912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7233806848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6722074747085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.6184712648391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5897133350372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5737847685813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.530562162399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5189449787139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.495724081993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4707793891429901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4669557511806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180462255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3559736","display_name":"Standard test image","level":4,"score":0.4662930369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4407113790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.431018590927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37776482105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.22498396039009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2469571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.707.2398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.707.2398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mx.nthu.edu.tw/%7Etsunghan/papers/journal%20papers/PatchSet_AlignFree_Classification.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/344979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/344979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2140316406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506778248","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1672851775","https://openalex.org/W1814598697","https://openalex.org/W1977774297","https://openalex.org/W1978259121","https://openalex.org/W1983008863","https://openalex.org/W1983071935","https://openalex.org/W1996939238","https://openalex.org/W2003994100","https://openalex.org/W2021340975","https://openalex.org/W2022398315","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2032768707","https://openalex.org/W2043569121","https://openalex.org/W2063978378","https://openalex.org/W2097729189","https://openalex.org/W2098132613","https://openalex.org/W2101169619","https://openalex.org/W2110599581","https://openalex.org/W2112074816","https://openalex.org/W2113606819","https://openalex.org/W2116216716","https://openalex.org/W2117138194","https://openalex.org/W2120453412","https://openalex.org/W2121821935","https://openalex.org/W2122691893","https://openalex.org/W2125742596","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2129846893","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2144093206","https://openalex.org/W2145876682","https://openalex.org/W2149652297","https://openalex.org/W2149906003","https://openalex.org/W2150600350","https://openalex.org/W2152277909","https://openalex.org/W2155304077","https://openalex.org/W2157092301","https://openalex.org/W2160933580","https://openalex.org/W2161259116","https://openalex.org/W2162813111","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2953119964","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6637220020","https://openalex.org/W6676305975","https://openalex.org/W6676903177","https://openalex.org/W6677833576","https://openalex.org/W6678230916","https://openalex.org/W6680889708","https://openalex.org/W6681444772","https://openalex.org/W6682741888","https://openalex.org/W6683142446","https://openalex.org/W6683756719","https://openalex.org/W6684006261","https://openalex.org/W6764734572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000332559","https://openalex.org/W1959834984","https://openalex.org/W1580457994","https://openalex.org/W1973963881","https://openalex.org/W2769045829","https://openalex.org/W2379945344","https://openalex.org/W2912726270","https://openalex.org/W2389228292","https://openalex.org/W2953342979","https://openalex.org/W2606223503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,118,140],"patch-set-based":[4,18,119],"sparse":[5,120],"representation":[6,19,74,121],"for":[7,28,122,143],"image":[8,14,72,78],"set":[9,15,73,81,163,171],"classification.":[10],"Compared":[11],"with":[12],"image-based":[13],"representation,":[16],"our":[17,177,209],"is":[20,45,188],"alignment":[21,44,64],"free":[22],"and":[23,37,94,124,156,165,185,195],"thus":[24],"has":[25],"an":[26],"advantage":[27],"tasks":[29],"like":[30],"video-based":[31,38,150,166],"face":[32,151],"recognition,":[33,36,41],"image-set-based":[34,159],"object":[35,160],"hand":[39,167],"gesture":[40,168],"where":[42],"precious":[43],"usually":[46],"difficult":[47],"or":[48,58],"even":[49],"impossible":[50],"due":[51],"to":[52,61,68,138,211],"large":[53],"variance":[54],"in":[55],"view":[56],"angle":[57],"pose.":[59],"Specifically,":[60],"bypass":[62],"the":[63,70,88,96,101,125,133,144,186,192,206,214],"issue,":[65],"we":[66,85,202],"propose":[67],"adopt":[69],"patch-based":[71],"by":[75],"dividing":[76],"each":[77,80,113],"within":[79,112],"into":[82,91],"patches,":[83],"then":[84,136],"cluster":[86,102,114],"all":[87,128,132,182],"training":[89,105],"patches":[90,98,111,130],"multiple":[92],"clusters":[93,134],"classify":[95],"test":[97,110,129,145],"based":[99],"on":[100,149,191,213],"centers":[103],"of":[104,109,127,208],"patches.":[106],"The":[107],"labels":[108,126],"are":[115,135],"inferred":[116],"from":[117,131],"classification,":[123],"aggregated":[137],"predict":[139],"single":[141],"label":[142],"set.":[146,217],"Experimental":[147],"results":[148],"recognition":[152,161,169],"data":[153,162,170,199,216],"sets":[154],"(CMU-MoBo":[155],"YouTube":[157,193],"Celebrities),":[158],"(ETH-80),":[164],"(Kinect":[172],"Hand":[173,197],"Gestures)":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"that":[176],"proposed":[178],"method":[179,210],"consistently":[180],"outperforms":[181],"existing":[183],"ones,":[184],"improvement":[187],"very":[189],"significant":[190],"Celebrities":[194],"Kinect":[196],"Gesture":[198],"sets.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"also":[203],"quantitatively":[204],"show":[205],"robustness":[207],"misalignment":[212],"Mutli-PIE":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
