{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106950225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","title":"Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Using Sorting and Prediction","display_name":"Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Using Sorting and Prediction","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106950225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","mag":"2106950225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059382291","display_name":"Vasily Sachnev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-5069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. Sachnev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771218","display_name":"Hyoung Joong Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoung Joong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101057497","display_name":"Jeho Nam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeho Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio and Broadcasting Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","Radio and Broadcasting Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio and Broadcasting Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio and Broadcasting Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765440","display_name":"Suresh Sundaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6275-0921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Information Security and Technology, Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Inf. Security & Technol., Korea Univ., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112253415","display_name":"Yun Q. Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4038-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Qing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059382291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":863,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99425429,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"7","first_page":"989","last_page":"999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7776212692260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6540482044219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6463034749031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.6423870921134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6360012292861938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6312289834022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5891717076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49085384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4447501003742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4303734302520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37871959805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.3243248462677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2741372585296631}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7776212692260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6540482044219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6463034749031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.6423870921134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6360012292861938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6312289834022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5891717076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49085384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4447501003742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4303734302520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37871959805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.3243248462677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2741372585296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2020257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514631711","https://openalex.org/W1966902350","https://openalex.org/W1974641035","https://openalex.org/W2004425531","https://openalex.org/W2005214253","https://openalex.org/W2085640111","https://openalex.org/W2093390643","https://openalex.org/W2105770740","https://openalex.org/W2107270044","https://openalex.org/W2107300816","https://openalex.org/W2110057717","https://openalex.org/W2121036560","https://openalex.org/W2121393355","https://openalex.org/W2132971215","https://openalex.org/W2134314852","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2144390735","https://openalex.org/W2145800442","https://openalex.org/W2151092698","https://openalex.org/W2155658966","https://openalex.org/W2162052795","https://openalex.org/W2164137544","https://openalex.org/W6676443408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948148442","https://openalex.org/W2461250372","https://openalex.org/W2394342941","https://openalex.org/W2169853506","https://openalex.org/W2547124190","https://openalex.org/W2350586049","https://openalex.org/W2385628723","https://openalex.org/W2169871401","https://openalex.org/W2032414556","https://openalex.org/W3008492011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,19],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,56],"reversible":[4,78],"or":[5],"lossless":[6],"watermarking":[7,79],"algorithm":[8,20],"for":[9],"images":[10,85],"without":[11],"using":[12,83],"location":[14,59],"map":[15,60],"in":[16],"most":[17],"cases.":[18],"employs":[21],"prediction":[22,38,49],"errors":[23,39,50],"to":[24,35,63],"embed":[25,64,112],"data":[26,66,114],"into":[27,67],"an":[28],"image.":[29],"A":[30],"sorting":[31],"technique":[32],"is":[33,81],"used":[34],"record":[36],"the":[37,68,76,108],"based":[40],"on":[41],"magnitude":[42],"of":[43,75,92],"its":[44],"local":[45],"variance.":[46],"Using":[47],"sorted":[48],"and,":[51],"if":[52],"needed,":[53],"though":[54],"rarely,":[55],"reduced":[57],"size":[58],"allows":[61],"us":[62],"more":[65,113],"image":[69],"with":[70,88,115],"less":[71,116],"distortion.":[72,117],"The":[73,103],"performance":[74],"proposed":[77,109],"scheme":[80,110],"evaluated":[82],"different":[84],"and":[86,94,97,99],"compared":[87],"four":[89],"methods:":[90],"those":[91],"Kamstra":[93],"Heijmans,":[95],"Thodi":[96],"Rodriguez,":[98],"Lee":[100],"et":[101],"al.":[102],"results":[104],"clearly":[105],"indicate":[106],"that":[107],"can":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
