{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167167414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","title":"Pointwise Motion Image (PMI): A Novel Motion Representation and Its Applications to Abnormality Detection and Behavior Recognition","display_name":"Pointwise Motion Image (PMI): A Novel Motion Representation and Its Applications to Abnormality Detection and Behavior Recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167167414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","mag":"2167167414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113890641","display_name":"Qiulei Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiulei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645165","display_name":"Yihong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-2535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109151740","display_name":"Zhanyi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-4498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanyi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113890641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93816548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"407","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointwise","display_name":"Pointwise","score":0.8852194547653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8151949644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7755855321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.5182749629020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4979574680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-detection","display_name":"Motion detection","score":0.46790796518325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-field","display_name":"Motion field","score":0.4668448865413666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4447006583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.4325101971626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4254952073097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.4121098220348358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40293529629707336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9248237","display_name":"Pointwise","level":2,"score":0.8852194547653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8151949644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7755855321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.5182749629020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4979574680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion detection","level":3,"score":0.46790796518325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124774092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917782","display_name":"Motion field","level":3,"score":0.4668448865413666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4447006583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.4325101971626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4254952073097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.4121098220348358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40293529629707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2013503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1699734612","https://openalex.org/W1967320926","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2010399676","https://openalex.org/W2034328688","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2093138134","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2107448204","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2113856781","https://openalex.org/W2118572719","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2124658620","https://openalex.org/W2125148312","https://openalex.org/W2134518303","https://openalex.org/W2138232383","https://openalex.org/W2143761168","https://openalex.org/W2145993016","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161017465","https://openalex.org/W2165715280","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2171580823","https://openalex.org/W3141200356","https://openalex.org/W4249279051","https://openalex.org/W6677548441","https://openalex.org/W6678780061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501297619","https://openalex.org/W2120943489","https://openalex.org/W1484667368","https://openalex.org/W1988727984","https://openalex.org/W2130582613","https://openalex.org/W2020088946","https://openalex.org/W2153922233","https://openalex.org/W2026674073","https://openalex.org/W2142571850","https://openalex.org/W2157486817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,101],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,34,46,76,112,139,156,178],"novel":[6],"motion":[7,48,60,79,84,87,90],"representation":[8,190],"and":[9,15,137,144,160,170,194],"apply":[10],"it":[11,74,103],"to":[12,57,154],"abnormality":[13,142,192],"detection":[14,143,193],"behavior":[16,145,195],"recognition.":[17,196],"At":[18],"first,":[19],"pointwise":[20,36,44,47,83,86,89],"correspondences":[21],"for":[22,51,70,141],"the":[23,42,59,63,95,99,116,125,135,185,188],"foreground":[24],"in":[25,115,124,191],"two":[26,181],"consecutive":[27],"video":[28,71],"frames":[29],"are":[30],"established":[31,43],"by":[32,111,119],"performing":[33],"salient-region-based":[35],"matching":[37],"algorithm.":[38],"Then,":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41],"correspondences,":[45],"image":[49,114,126],"(PMI)":[50],"each":[52],"frame":[53],"is":[54,67,147,152,161],"built":[55],"up":[56],"represent":[58],"status":[61],"of":[62,78,98,106,109,163,187],"foreground.":[64,100],"The":[65,149],"PMI":[66,136],"more":[68],"suitable":[69],"analysis":[72],"as":[73,82,92,94],"encapsulates":[75],"variety":[77],"information":[80,110],"such":[81],"speed,":[85],"orientation,":[88],"duration,":[91],"well":[93],"global":[96,168],"shape":[97],"addition,":[102],"represents":[104],"all":[105],"these":[107],"pieces":[108],"color":[113],"HSV":[117],"space,":[118],"which":[120],"many":[121],"popular":[122],"techniques":[123],"processing":[127],"field":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"straightforwardly":[131],"adopted.":[132],"By":[133],"combining":[134],"AdaBoost,":[138],"method":[140,151],"recognition":[146],"proposed.":[148],"proposed":[150,189],"shown":[153],"possess":[155],"high":[157],"discriminative":[158],"ability":[159],"capable":[162],"dealing":[164],"with":[165,173,180],"local":[166],"motion,":[167,169],"similar":[171],"motions":[172],"different":[174],"speeds.":[175],"Experiments":[176],"including":[177],"comparison":[179],"existing":[182],"methods":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"effectiveness":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}