{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140200711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","title":"Thermal Modeling of Battery Cells for Optimal Tab and Surface Cooling Control","display_name":"Thermal Modeling of Battery Cells for Optimal Tab and Surface Cooling Control","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140200711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Godwin K. Peprah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-3936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godwin K. Peprah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-3936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yicun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-3603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-3603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Torsten Wik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Wik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-8426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Faisal Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-2409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromobility, Volvo Group, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-2409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromobility, Volvo Group, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Changfu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changfu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-6854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98099467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"1831","last_page":"1844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.7121999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3799000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.7121999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21424316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718621","display_name":"Chebyshev filter","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90086362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084485","display_name":"Cooling curve","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156820238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422876","display_name":"Active cooling","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138029060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226633","display_name":"Polynomial and rational function modeling","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3675726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7156321406364441,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6231502210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-04873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimal":[0],"cooling":[1,87,144,169],"that":[2,92],"minimizes":[3],"thermal":[4,52,76,104,149,176],"gradients":[5],"and":[6,16,38,71,85,124,142,157,174],"the":[7,33,93,102,107,115,153,165,175],"average":[8],"temperature":[9,172],"is":[10,54],"essential":[11],"for":[12,25,137],"enhanced":[13],"battery":[14,26,51,86],"safety":[15],"health.":[17],"This":[18],"work":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21,43,45,67,75],"new":[22],"modeling":[23],"approach":[24],"cells":[27],"of":[28,47,60,140,167,178],"different":[29,58,168],"shapes":[30],"by":[31,57,130],"integrating":[32],"Chebyshev":[34],"spectral-Galerkin":[35],"(CSG)":[36],"method":[37],"model":[39,70,80,95,108,120],"component":[40],"decomposition.":[41],"As":[42],"result,":[44],"library":[46],"reduced-order,":[48],"computationally":[49],"efficient":[50],"models":[53,63,135],"obtained,":[55],"characterized":[56],"numbers":[59],"states.":[61],"These":[62],"are":[64,72,159],"validated":[65],"against":[66],"high-fidelity":[68],"finite-element":[69],"compared":[73],"with":[74,96,109],"equivalent":[77],"circuit":[78],"(TEC)":[79],"under":[81],"real-world":[82],"vehicle":[83],"driving":[84],"scenarios.":[88],"Illustrative":[89],"results":[90],"demonstrate":[91],"proposed":[94,154],"four":[97],"states":[98],"can":[99],"faithfully":[100],"capture":[101],"2-D":[103],"dynamics,":[105],"while":[106],"only":[110],"one":[111],"state":[112],"significantly":[113],"outperforms":[114],"widely":[116],"used":[117],"two-state":[118],"TEC":[119],"in":[121],"both":[122],"accuracy":[123],"computational":[125],"efficiency,":[126],"reducing":[127],"computation":[128],"time":[129],"28.7%.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"our":[133],"developed":[134],"allow":[136],"independent":[138],"control":[139],"tab":[141],"surface":[143],"(SC)":[145],"channels,":[146],"enabling":[147],"effective":[148],"performance":[150],"optimization.":[151],"Additionally,":[152],"model\u2019s":[155],"versatility":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"demonstrated":[160],"through":[161],"various":[162],"applications,":[163],"including":[164],"evaluation":[166],"scenarios,":[170],"closed-loop":[171],"control,":[173],"assessment":[177],"cell":[179],"aspect":[180],"ratio.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T06:13:17.587685","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}