{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131655461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280","title":"Design and Experimental Validation of a Safe Control Strategy for Reconfigurable Batteries","display_name":"Design and Experimental Validation of a Safe Control Strategy for Reconfigurable Batteries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131655461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006556394","display_name":"Iman Ebrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-8712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-8712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126878934","display_name":"Ricardo de Castro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo de Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-3999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23200545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"1404","last_page":"1418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.7516999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.7516999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512564126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257959","display_name":"Public records","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3665280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7233752608299255,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,106],"present":[4],"a":[5,138,158],"novel":[6],"control":[7,29,33,49,103],"strategy":[8],"for":[9,146],"optimizing":[10],"the":[11,47,52,64,79,88,92,99,115,132,162],"management":[12],"of":[13,81,101,141,165],"reconfigurable":[14],"batteries,":[15],"particularly":[16],"in":[17,135],"electric":[18],"vehicles":[19],"(EVs)":[20],"and":[21,55,113],"energy":[22],"storage":[23],"systems.":[24],"Our":[25,84],"approach":[26],"uniquely":[27],"integrates":[28],"allocation":[30],"(CA)":[31],"with":[32,137],"barrier":[34],"functions":[35],"(CBF)":[36],"to":[37,74,111],"enhance":[38],"operational":[39],"efficiency":[40,151],"while":[41],"enforcing":[42],"electrothermal":[43],"safety":[44,94],"constraints.":[45],"Specifically,":[46],"proposed":[48],"scheme":[50],"regulates":[51],"output":[53],"voltage":[54],"ensures":[56],"state-of-charge":[57],"(SoC)":[58],"balancing":[59],"across":[60],"battery":[61],"modules,":[62,142],"addressing":[63],"common":[65],"weakest-module":[66],"problem.":[67],"Additionally,":[68],"it":[69],"dynamically":[70],"adjusts":[71],"power":[72],"distribution":[73],"provide":[75],"over-temperature":[76],"protection,":[77],"mitigating":[78],"risk":[80],"thermal":[82],"runaway.":[83],"feasibility":[85,125],"analysis":[86],"establishes":[87],"conditions":[89],"under":[90],"which":[91,143],"CBF-based":[93,167],"constraints":[95],"are":[96],"satisfied,":[97],"ensuring":[98],"existence":[100],"feasible":[102],"actions.":[104],"Furthermore,":[105],"define":[107],"comprehensive":[108],"performance":[109],"metrics":[110],"evaluate":[112],"compare":[114],"controller\u2019s":[116,133],"effectiveness.":[117],"This":[118],"includes":[119],"CBF":[120],"gain":[121],"tuning":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124,157],"results.":[126],"We":[127],"perform":[128],"scalability":[129],"analysis,":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"effectiveness":[134],"systems":[136],"large":[139],"number":[140],"is":[144,152],"critical":[145],"EV":[147],"applications":[148],"where":[149],"computational":[150],"paramount.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"experimental":[155],"validation":[156],"small-scale":[159],"prototype":[160],"showcases":[161],"practical":[163],"capability":[164],"our":[166],"optimal":[168],"controller.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}