{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134974306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157","title":"Multiobjective Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Prediction Uncertainty Awareness: A Min\u2013Max Game","display_name":"Multiobjective Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Prediction Uncertainty Awareness: A Min\u2013Max Game","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134974306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059053429","display_name":"Mingjun Zha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121959107","display_name":"Weida Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weida Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128757983","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-0752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128789113","display_name":"Liuquan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuquan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-6617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128720168","display_name":"Ruihu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6877-3026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000510494","display_name":"Xuelong Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4380-8466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4380-8466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128790679","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-3271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26196458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"1217","last_page":"1231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133118237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131502","display_name":"Electric generator","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988054608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management strategy","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3661157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8475412130355835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2007502877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52130512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4182870063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52422217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"electric":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(HEVs)":[3],"have":[4,42],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,84,131,142,148,160,184],"promising":[8],"solution":[9,186],"for":[10,137,164,195],"achieving":[11],"carbon":[12],"neutrality":[13],"and":[14,54,66,117,154,207],"overcoming":[15],"energy-related":[16],"challenges.":[17],"The":[18],"efficacy":[19],"of":[20,29,52,57,69,151,176],"HEVs,":[21],"in":[22,83,97,203],"part,":[23],"is":[24,157,167,187],"contingent":[25],"upon":[26],"the":[27,37,49,67,70,75,125,172,191,196,213],"implementation":[28],"effective":[30],"energy":[31,95,144],"management":[32,145],"strategies":[33],"(EMSs).":[34],"Recently,":[35],"on":[36],"one":[38],"hand,":[39,77],"most":[40],"EMSs":[41,88,112],"primarily":[43],"emphasized":[44],"fuel":[45,152,217],"economy":[46,153,218],"while":[47,219],"overlooking":[48],"potential":[50,173],"consequences":[51],"frequent":[53],"high-power":[55],"usage":[56],"electronic":[58],"components,":[59],"which":[60,199],"may":[61],"lead":[62],"to":[63,94,113,121,169,180,189],"motor":[64],"overheating":[65],"degradation":[68],"motor\u2019s":[71],"maximum":[72],"capacity.":[73],"On":[74],"other":[76],"benefiting":[78],"from":[79,102],"future":[80],"driving":[81],"conditions":[82],"finite":[85],"horizon,":[86],"prediction-based":[87],"can":[89],"proactively":[90],"make":[91,114],"some":[92],"adjustments":[93],"allocation":[96],"advance,":[98],"garnering":[99],"significant":[100],"attention":[101],"numerous":[103],"researchers.":[104],"However,":[105],"inherent":[106],"prediction":[107,177],"uncertainties":[108],"will":[109],"mislead":[110],"predictive":[111],"overconfident":[115],"decisions":[116],"ultimately":[118],"introduce":[119],"risks":[120],"thermal":[122],"dynamics.":[123],"Targeting":[124],"issues":[126],"above,":[127],"this":[128],"article":[129],"presents":[130],"min\u2013max":[132,161,197],"game-based":[133],"generator":[134,155,222],"temperature-sensitive":[135],"EMS":[136],"series":[138],"HEVs":[139],"(SHEVs).":[140],"First,":[141],"multiobjective":[143],"problem":[146],"with":[147,171],"comprehensive":[149],"consideration":[150],"temperature":[156],"formulated.":[158],"Then,":[159],"game":[162],"framework":[163],"robust":[165],"decision-making":[166],"structured":[168],"deal":[170],"adverse":[174],"effects":[175],"uncertainty.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"improve":[181],"computational":[182],"efficiency,":[183],"closed-form":[185],"proposed":[188,214],"solve":[190],"Stackelberg":[192],"equilibrium":[193],"pair":[194],"game,":[198],"avoids":[200],"performing":[201],"optimization":[202],"each":[204],"iteration.":[205],"Simulation":[206],"hardware-in-the-loop":[208],"test":[209],"results":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"that":[212],"strategy":[215],"enhances":[216],"effectively":[220],"lowering":[221],"temperature.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}
