{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406208015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438","title":"Optimal Cyclic Control of a Structurally Constrained Morphing Energy-Harvesting Kite Using an Experimentally Validated Simulation Model","display_name":"Optimal Cyclic Control of a Structurally Constrained Morphing Energy-Harvesting Kite Using an Experimentally Validated Simulation Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406208015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023232567","display_name":"Jacob B. Fine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob B. Fine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092385060","display_name":"Carson M. McGuire","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carson M. McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049829612","display_name":"Vinson Oliver Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-674X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinson O. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036211411","display_name":"Michael J. Jenkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Jenkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115822083","display_name":"Hannah McDaniel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah McDaniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106330982","display_name":"Maya Keele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Keele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068207263","display_name":"Matthew Bryant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-4125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004052432","display_name":"Ashok Gopalarathnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-7887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Gopalarathnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112578306","display_name":"Chris Vermillion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092692","display_name":"Altaeros (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00jf50v81","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138693","display_name":"Windlift (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04npz1276","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Vermillion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Altaeros Energies, Inc, Boston, MA, USA","Windlift, Inc, Durham, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altaeros Energies, Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Windlift, Inc, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023232567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96500029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"744","last_page":"759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.8909618258476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kite","display_name":"Kite","score":0.7113854885101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5370003581047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4508979320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3634990453720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24693816900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21963158249855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1451544165611267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.8909618258476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777229633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107061","display_name":"Kite","level":2,"score":0.7113854885101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5370003581047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4508979320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3634990453720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24693816900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21963158249855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1451544165611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3520438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7868349673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2321698","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965061511","https://openalex.org/W1979054779","https://openalex.org/W2027929146","https://openalex.org/W2102089497","https://openalex.org/W2169258349","https://openalex.org/W2421424491","https://openalex.org/W2492811885","https://openalex.org/W2547603639","https://openalex.org/W2753880349","https://openalex.org/W2973000313","https://openalex.org/W3036520806","https://openalex.org/W3046033835","https://openalex.org/W3088372418","https://openalex.org/W3088720592","https://openalex.org/W3153504207","https://openalex.org/W3154012156","https://openalex.org/W3159763193","https://openalex.org/W3186106957","https://openalex.org/W4220777295","https://openalex.org/W4233238801","https://openalex.org/W4241701853","https://openalex.org/W4250860550","https://openalex.org/W4251944713","https://openalex.org/W4304958882","https://openalex.org/W4382936090","https://openalex.org/W4388792536","https://openalex.org/W4390412484","https://openalex.org/W4391759798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2883428388","https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W4389992710","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,49,85,97,142],"experimentally":[4,161],"validated":[5],"dynamic":[6,144],"model,":[7,171],"control":[8,112],"trajectory":[9,174],"optimization":[10],"methodology,":[11],"and":[12,58,77,94,120,147,160,201,230],"representative":[13],"simulation":[14,145,164,199],"results":[15],"for":[16],"a":[17,106,152,172,185,210,219],"morphing":[18,83,137,173,181,223],"underwater":[19],"kite.":[20],"Morphing,":[21],"defined":[22],"as":[23],"real-time":[24],"modification":[25],"of":[26,48,65,90,96,122,135,169,205,222],"the":[27,42,45,63,92,115,126,163,167,180,192,197],"kite\u2019s":[28],"geometry":[29],"to":[30,55,158,178,226],"either":[31],"curtail":[32],"structural":[33,66],"loading":[34],"or":[35],"enhance":[36],"power":[37],"generation,":[38],"is":[39,52],"motivated":[40],"by":[41],"fact":[43],"that":[44,68],"optimal":[46],"design":[47],"energy-harvesting":[50],"kite":[51,220,236],"highly":[53],"sensitive":[54],"flow":[56,75,189,212],"speed":[57],"tether":[59,79],"length,":[60],"particularly":[61],"in":[62,103,209],"presence":[64],"limitations":[67],"render":[69],"load":[70],"curtailment":[71],"necessary":[72],"at":[73],"high":[74],"speeds":[76],"short":[78],"lengths.":[80],"To":[81],"achieve":[82],"behavior,":[84],"inboard":[86,98],"Fowler":[87],"flap":[88],"(capable":[89],"modifying":[91],"chord":[93],"camber":[95],"wing":[99],"section)":[100],"was":[101,176,224],"employed":[102],"tandem":[104],"with":[105,130],"symmetric":[107],"aileron":[108],"bias,":[109],"enabling":[110],"simultaneous":[111],"over":[113,184],"both":[114],"wing\u2019s":[116],"overall":[117],"lift":[118,123],"coefficient":[119],"center":[121],"without":[124],"requiring":[125],"mechanical":[127],"complexity":[128],"associated":[129],"span":[131],"morphing.":[132],"The":[133],"effects":[134],"these":[136,217],"parameters":[138],"were":[139,149,214],"integrated":[140],"into":[141],"existing":[143],"framework,":[146],"experiments":[148],"conducted":[150],"using":[151,188,196],"customized":[153],"scaled":[154],"tow":[155],"testing":[156],"setup":[157],"refine":[159],"validate":[162],"model.":[165],"Following":[166],"refinement":[168],"this":[170],"optimizer":[175],"designed":[177],"optimize":[179],"input":[182],"trajectories":[183],"spooling":[186],"cycle":[187],"data":[190],"from":[191],"previous":[193],"cycle.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"refined":[198],"model":[200],"multicycle":[202],"controller,":[203],"simulations":[204],"large-scale":[206],"kites":[207],"operating":[208],"realistic":[211],"environment":[213],"conducted.":[215],"In":[216],"simulations,":[218],"capable":[221],"shown":[225],"generate":[227],"between":[228],"8.1%":[229],"25.3%":[231],"more":[232],"energy":[233],"than":[234],"non-morphing":[235],"designs.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
