{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392607575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036","title":"Multivariate Process Monitoring for Safe Operation of Condensers in Thermal Power Plants Based on Normal Operating Zones","display_name":"Multivariate Process Monitoring for Safe Operation of Condensers in Thermal Power Plants Based on Normal Operating Zones","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392607575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685731","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-3067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444318","display_name":"Jiandong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678349","display_name":"Jindong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-4336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100685731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85453962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"1399","last_page":"1409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.942799985408783,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6297069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4526885747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44766780734062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.4467695355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-power-station","display_name":"Thermal power station","score":0.4447828531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.4411827325820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4092823565006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.391751766204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38444283604621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36194491386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3336215019226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22203075885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.19240877032279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15864503383636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1585266888141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10170239210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.0873694121837616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6297069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4526885747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44766780734062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4467695355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2039551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200297","display_name":"Thermal power station","level":2,"score":0.4447828531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.4411827325820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4092823565006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.391751766204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38444283604621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36194491386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3336215019226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22203075885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.19240877032279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15864503383636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1585266888141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10170239210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0873694121837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3370036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3439792584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6993402186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-2-1-212-zyyd-jch","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328636","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328636","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575374134","https://openalex.org/W1992351369","https://openalex.org/W2034766657","https://openalex.org/W2084391611","https://openalex.org/W2090691677","https://openalex.org/W2093965947","https://openalex.org/W2164768649","https://openalex.org/W2297987597","https://openalex.org/W2402044133","https://openalex.org/W2484079578","https://openalex.org/W2739118757","https://openalex.org/W2765905445","https://openalex.org/W2766057087","https://openalex.org/W2809178681","https://openalex.org/W2950461707","https://openalex.org/W2979760273","https://openalex.org/W3006349334","https://openalex.org/W3015637750","https://openalex.org/W3150488825","https://openalex.org/W3166121676","https://openalex.org/W3194141986","https://openalex.org/W3196231122","https://openalex.org/W3197171471","https://openalex.org/W3206811040","https://openalex.org/W3208048238","https://openalex.org/W4292178670","https://openalex.org/W4312808112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406638334","https://openalex.org/W4390961098","https://openalex.org/W1991765889","https://openalex.org/W1990068454","https://openalex.org/W2472172556","https://openalex.org/W1969909374","https://openalex.org/W2165750643","https://openalex.org/W2638730922","https://openalex.org/W3155069932","https://openalex.org/W2752220042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"condenser":[1,39,79,99,138],"abnormalities":[2],"is":[3,85,105,144],"essential":[4],"to":[5,87,185],"ensure":[6],"the":[7,19,35,89,98,109,158,176,187,192],"safe":[8,46,100],"and":[9,114,153,163,189],"efficient":[10],"operation":[11,47,101],"of":[12,18,37,70,91,97,129,137,161,165,191],"thermal":[13],"power":[14],"plants.":[15],"However,":[16],"most":[17],"existing":[20],"methods":[21],"do":[22],"not":[23],"consider":[24],"relationships":[25,75],"among":[26],"multiple":[27,71,127],"process":[28,32,40],"variables":[29,73],"or":[30],"implement":[31],"monitoring":[33,48],"in":[34],"space":[36],"original":[38],"variables.":[41],"This":[42,103],"article":[43],"proposes":[44],"a":[45,134],"method":[49],"for":[50,157],"condensers":[51],"based":[52,174],"on":[53,95,175],"normal":[54,68],"operating":[55],"zones":[56],"(NOZs).":[57],"NOZs":[58],"are":[59,76,124,172,183],"high-dimensional":[60],"geometric":[61],"spaces":[62],"formed":[63],"by":[64,78,107,146,169],"variation":[65],"ranges":[66],"under":[67,119],"conditions":[69],"related":[72],"whose":[74],"described":[77],"gray-box":[80],"models.":[81],"One":[82],"main":[83],"challenge":[84,104],"how":[86],"analyze":[88],"influence":[90],"model":[92,121,130,143],"parameter":[93,170],"uncertainties":[94,122,171],"accuracies":[96],"monitoring.":[102],"resolved":[106],"defining":[108],"false":[110],"alarm":[111,116],"rate":[112,117],"(FAR)":[113],"missed":[115],"(MAR)":[118],"NOZ":[120,142,166],"that":[123],"organized":[125],"from":[126,133],"sets":[128],"parameters":[131],"estimated":[132],"large":[135],"amount":[136],"historical":[139],"data.":[140],"The":[141],"formulated":[145],"achieving":[147],"an":[148],"optimal":[149],"trade-off":[150],"between":[151],"FAR":[152,162],"MAR.":[154],"Theoretical":[155],"results":[156],"upper":[159],"bounds":[160],"MAR":[164],"models":[167],"caused":[168],"developed":[173],"Bayesian":[177],"estimation":[178],"rule.":[179],"Industrial":[180],"case":[181],"studies":[182],"provided":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"practicability":[190],"proposed":[193],"method.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}