{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312414455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913","title":"Hierarchical Predictive Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Integrated Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Management System","display_name":"Hierarchical Predictive Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Integrated Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Management System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312414455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085096437","display_name":"Christopher T. Aksland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher T. Aksland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036811563","display_name":"Pamela J. Tannous","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela J. Tannous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049221221","display_name":"Minda J. Wagenmaker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minda J. Wagenmaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059842706","display_name":"Herschel C. Pangborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-611X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herschel C. Pangborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-611X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080517179","display_name":"Andrew G. Alleyne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-9669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew G. Alleyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-9669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75930683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"1280","last_page":"1295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8236346244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.7824389934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5391955375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5158352255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4948250651359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.47799769043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.45461827516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.4130241572856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4103385806083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.37501755356788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3413273096084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26734763383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2554091513156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.23755919933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13640788197517395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8236346244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.7824389934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5391955375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5158352255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4948250651359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.47799769043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.45461827516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.4130241572856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4103385806083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.37501755356788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3413273096084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26734763383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2554091513156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.23755919933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13640788197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3220913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8421462952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EEC- 1449548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1749494163","https://openalex.org/W1906668774","https://openalex.org/W1965461599","https://openalex.org/W1973339261","https://openalex.org/W1978956894","https://openalex.org/W2006866140","https://openalex.org/W2030068002","https://openalex.org/W2038735620","https://openalex.org/W2039008359","https://openalex.org/W2062361291","https://openalex.org/W2073388451","https://openalex.org/W2105576913","https://openalex.org/W2118412444","https://openalex.org/W2329854473","https://openalex.org/W2496988747","https://openalex.org/W2536620281","https://openalex.org/W2617536157","https://openalex.org/W2729639315","https://openalex.org/W2734802920","https://openalex.org/W2800243228","https://openalex.org/W2802797556","https://openalex.org/W2810793058","https://openalex.org/W2846578524","https://openalex.org/W2885795773","https://openalex.org/W2886716715","https://openalex.org/W2946226637","https://openalex.org/W2969076381","https://openalex.org/W2972349350","https://openalex.org/W2992797410","https://openalex.org/W2998376626","https://openalex.org/W3010681897","https://openalex.org/W3043388626","https://openalex.org/W3079523073","https://openalex.org/W3123316649","https://openalex.org/W3183475718","https://openalex.org/W4283032414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2003264037","https://openalex.org/W4390571837","https://openalex.org/W2543361554","https://openalex.org/W4315574134","https://openalex.org/W4234173525","https://openalex.org/W2183914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"electrification":[1],"of":[2,11,26,29,50,59,70,105,112],"air":[3],"vehicles":[4],"presents":[5],"challenges":[6],"to":[7,34,100,123],"the":[8,21,54,67,102,106,110,113,127],"energy":[9,45,90],"management":[10,81],"their":[12],"coupled":[13],"electric":[14],"power,":[15,77],"propulsion,":[16,78],"and":[17,23,56,79,136],"thermal":[18,80],"systems.":[19],"Notably,":[20],"complexity":[22],"multi-timescale":[24],"nature":[25],"this":[27,51,85],"class":[28],"systems":[30],"make":[31],"it":[32],"difficult":[33],"design":[35,55],"control":[36,129],"algorithms":[37],"that":[38,65],"can":[39],"simultaneously":[40],"optimize":[41],"dynamics":[42,69,104],"across":[43],"each":[44],"domain.":[46],"The":[47],"unique":[48],"contribution":[49],"work":[52],"is":[53,93,98,119],"experimental":[57,114],"validation":[58],"a":[60,87,116,124,133],"hierarchical":[61,128],"model":[62,101],"predictive":[63],"controller":[64],"coordinates":[66],"electro-mechano-thermal":[68],"an":[71],"unmanned":[72],"aerial":[73],"vehicle":[74],"(UAV)":[75],"integrated":[76],"system.":[82],"To":[83,108],"support":[84],"contribution,":[86],"novel":[88],"UAV":[89],"system":[91,140],"testbed":[92],"introduced.":[94],"A":[95],"graph-based":[96],"framework":[97],"used":[99],"multi-domain":[103],"UAV.":[107],"estimate":[109],"states":[111],"platform,":[115],"decentralized":[117],"observer":[118],"described.":[120],"When":[121],"compared":[122],"baseline":[125],"approach,":[126],"strategy":[130],"results":[131],"in":[132],"higher":[134],"performing":[135],"more":[137],"reliable":[138],"closed-loop":[139],"while":[141],"decreasing":[142],"fuel":[143],"utilization":[144],"by":[145],"approximately":[146],"16%.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}