{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313132822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610","title":"Extending Life of Lithium-Ion Battery Systems by Embracing Heterogeneities via an Optimal Control-Based Active Balancing Strategy","display_name":"Extending Life of Lithium-Ion Battery Systems by Embracing Heterogeneities via an Optimal Control-Based Active Balancing Strategy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313132822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101565245","display_name":"Vahid Azimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-8012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Azimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-8012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076613716","display_name":"Anirudh Allam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Allam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-1180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081743084","display_name":"Simona Onori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Onori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-2608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81871917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"1235","last_page":"1249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6883266568183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5670567154884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.5513255596160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collocation","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","score":0.5447081923484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5366927981376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5095627307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.495326429605484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-battery","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","score":0.471340149641037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42571690678596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.349989116191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2672025263309479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1331624984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0907796323299408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6883266568183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5670567154884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5513255596160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80023036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147531","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","level":2,"score":0.5447081923484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5366927981376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5095627307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.495326429605484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2822895","display_name":"Lithium-ion battery","level":4,"score":0.471340149641037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42571690678596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.349989116191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2672025263309479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1331624984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0907796323299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2022.3215610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330906","display_name":"LG Chem","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575203047","https://openalex.org/W1593394238","https://openalex.org/W1990488730","https://openalex.org/W2000018540","https://openalex.org/W2012948027","https://openalex.org/W2017136542","https://openalex.org/W2023184971","https://openalex.org/W2031886864","https://openalex.org/W2051034611","https://openalex.org/W2067251006","https://openalex.org/W2077937117","https://openalex.org/W2080132051","https://openalex.org/W2113601740","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2127088635","https://openalex.org/W2160596865","https://openalex.org/W2164601538","https://openalex.org/W2190621530","https://openalex.org/W2342796688","https://openalex.org/W2485581359","https://openalex.org/W2502010948","https://openalex.org/W2512016240","https://openalex.org/W2565344397","https://openalex.org/W2791696404","https://openalex.org/W2801506498","https://openalex.org/W2950490292","https://openalex.org/W2969110044","https://openalex.org/W3011294693","https://openalex.org/W3033865651","https://openalex.org/W3046111121","https://openalex.org/W3147249950","https://openalex.org/W3171392646","https://openalex.org/W3185467247","https://openalex.org/W4244390975","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995074223","https://openalex.org/W2357719166","https://openalex.org/W4224246090","https://openalex.org/W3165173190","https://openalex.org/W2080384327","https://openalex.org/W2159458361","https://openalex.org/W3161330592","https://openalex.org/W2274723115","https://openalex.org/W3089487084","https://openalex.org/W3201198192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"formulates":[2],"and":[3,42,56,59,93,151,176,210],"solves":[4],"a":[5,15,51,71,134,179,191],"multiobjective":[6],"fast":[7],"charging-minimum":[8],"degradation":[9],"optimal":[10],"control":[11,208],"problem":[12,74,130],"(OCP)":[13],"for":[14,116,125,133],"lithium-ion":[16],"battery":[17],"module":[18,33,135],"made":[19],"of":[20,85,104,108,120,147,149,153,169,185,201],"series-connected":[21,138],"cells":[22,30,106,122,139],"equipped":[23],"with":[24,136,140,166,181],"an":[25],"active":[26],"balancing":[27],"circuitry.":[28],"The":[29,76,99,129],"in":[31,145,199],"the":[32,60,68,113,121,158,182],"are":[34,204],"subject":[35],"to":[36,66,123,164],"heterogeneity":[37,142],"induced":[38],"by":[39],"manufacturing":[40],"defects":[41],"nonuniform":[43],"operating":[44],"conditions.":[45,128],"Each":[46],"cell":[47],"is":[48,64,79,131],"expressed":[49],"via":[50],"coupled":[52],"nonlinear":[53,72],"electrochemical,":[54],"thermal,":[55],"aging":[57],"model":[58],"direct":[61],"collocation":[62],"approach":[63],"employed":[65],"transcribe":[67],"OCP":[69,78],"into":[70],"programming":[73],"(NLP).":[75],"proposed":[77],"formulated":[80],"under":[81,206],"two":[82,137],"different":[83,95,117],"schemes":[84],"charging":[86,90,96,103,118,173,189],"operation:":[87],"1)":[88],"same":[89],"time":[91,97],"(OCP-SCT)":[92],"2)":[94],"(OCP-DCT).":[98],"former":[100],"assumes":[101],"simultaneous":[102],"all":[105],"irrespective":[107],"their":[109],"initial":[110,127],"conditions,":[111],"whereas":[112],"latter":[114],"allows":[115],"times":[119],"account":[124],"heterogeneous":[126],"solved":[132],"intrinsic":[141],"among":[143],"them":[144],"terms":[146,200],"state":[148,152],"charge":[150],"health.":[154],"Results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157,196],"OCP-DCT":[159],"scheme":[160],"provides":[161],"more":[162],"flexibility":[163],"deal":[165],"heterogeneity,":[167],"boasting":[168],"lower":[170],"temperature":[171],"increase,":[172],"current":[174,187],"amplitudes,":[175],"degradation.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"comparison":[180],"common":[183],"practice":[184],"constant":[186],"(CC)":[188],"over":[190],"long-term":[192],"cycling":[193],"operation":[194],"shows":[195],"promising":[197],"savings,":[198],"retained":[202],"capacity,":[203],"attainable":[205],"both":[207],"(OCP-SCT":[209],"OCP-DCT)":[211],"schemes.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}