{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206841421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435","title":"Optimal Control of the Energy-Saving Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA) for Off-Highway Mobile Machines","display_name":"Optimal Control of the Energy-Saving Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA) for Off-Highway Mobile Machines","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206841421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1871682","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051567774","display_name":"Jacob Siefert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Siefert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","Penn State University, State College, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404007","display_name":"Perry Y. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-3945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perry Y. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-3945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68215729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"2018","last_page":"2029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.5593730211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setpoint","display_name":"Setpoint","score":0.5239993333816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-motor","display_name":"Electric motor","score":0.4838889539241791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.4799559414386749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45567166805267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4511512815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth-throttling","display_name":"Bandwidth throttling","score":0.44948822259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.43343666195869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.41301238536834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3590109646320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33352482318878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14793801307678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10925975441932678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.5593730211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.5239993333816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176871988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","display_name":"Electric motor","level":2,"score":0.4838889539241791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.4799559414386749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45567166805267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4511512815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173061102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478819","display_name":"Bandwidth throttling","level":3,"score":0.44948822259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43343666195869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.41301238536834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3590109646320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33352482318878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14793801307678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10925975441932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2021.3131435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1871682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1871682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1871682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1871682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120845871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-0008384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","funder_display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997595256","https://openalex.org/W2001701486","https://openalex.org/W2043765345","https://openalex.org/W2064372041","https://openalex.org/W2066770361","https://openalex.org/W2075660353","https://openalex.org/W2083706821","https://openalex.org/W2088583909","https://openalex.org/W2116507007","https://openalex.org/W2131035532","https://openalex.org/W2149751000","https://openalex.org/W2154726643","https://openalex.org/W2161758672","https://openalex.org/W2285274820","https://openalex.org/W2402835809","https://openalex.org/W2507407025","https://openalex.org/W2743197963","https://openalex.org/W2796136490","https://openalex.org/W2892456032","https://openalex.org/W2899153272","https://openalex.org/W2905211527","https://openalex.org/W2972252881","https://openalex.org/W2996480075","https://openalex.org/W3045857450","https://openalex.org/W3048161096","https://openalex.org/W3094002854","https://openalex.org/W3178397655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495927848","https://openalex.org/W4205962020","https://openalex.org/W2620138946","https://openalex.org/W1527771352","https://openalex.org/W90946887","https://openalex.org/W191702426","https://openalex.org/W4255293822","https://openalex.org/W2994131054","https://openalex.org/W2066553546","https://openalex.org/W2393348554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"off-highway":[1],"constructions":[2],"and":[3,16,63,72,108,113,211],"agriculture":[4],"equipment":[5],"use":[6],"hydraulics,":[7],"which":[8,191],"has":[9,29],"unmatched":[10],"power":[11,14,61,71],"density,":[12],"for":[13,21,36,87,109,194],"transmission":[15],"throttling":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,49,80,146,202],"means":[20],"control.":[22,76],"A":[23,198],"novel":[24],"hybrid":[25],"hydraulic\u2013electric":[26],"architecture":[27,111],"(HHEA)":[28],"recently":[30],"been":[31,42],"proposed":[32],"to":[33,44,56,68,73,96,103,177,187,222],"improve":[34],"efficiency":[35],"high-power":[37],"machines":[38],"that":[39,70,119,153,213],"would":[40],"have":[41],"cost-prohibitive":[43],"electrify":[45],"directly.":[46],"HHEA":[47,215],"uses":[48],"set":[50,147],"of":[51,60,92,148,170,201,208],"common":[52],"pressure":[53,93],"rails":[54],"(CPRs)":[55],"transmit":[57],"the":[58,89,120,128,142,179,188,196,206,209,214,223],"majority":[59],"hydraulically":[62],"small":[64],"electric":[65],"motor":[66],"drives":[67],"modulate":[69],"achieve":[74],"precise":[75],"This":[77,100,135],"article":[78],"proposes":[79],"computationally":[81],"efficient":[82],"Lagrange":[83,189],"multiplier":[84],"method":[85,210],"(LMM)":[86],"computing":[88],"optimal":[90],"sequence":[91,131],"rail":[94],"selections":[95],"minimize":[97],"energy":[98,217],"use.":[99],"is":[101,118,123,132,137,192],"needed":[102],"evaluate":[104],"HHEA\u2019s":[105],"energy-saving":[106],"potential":[107],"iterative":[110],"design":[112],"sizing.":[114],"An":[115],"interesting":[116],"complication":[117],"cost":[121],"function":[122],"not":[124],"fully":[125,133],"defined":[126],"until":[127],"candidate":[129],"control":[130],"specified.":[134],"issue":[136],"dealt":[138],"with":[139,150,185],"by":[140,219],"decomposing":[141],"original":[143],"problem":[144],"into":[145],"sub-problems":[149],"additional":[151,173],"constraints":[152],"can":[154,160],"be":[155,161],"solved":[156],"efficiently.":[157],"Computational":[158],"effort":[159],"further":[162],"reduced":[163],"if":[164],"actuators":[165],"are":[166,175],"optimized":[167],"individually":[168],"instead":[169],"together.":[171],"However,":[172],"steps":[174],"required":[176],"prevent":[178],"constraint":[180],"functions":[181],"from":[182],"becoming":[183],"discontinuous":[184],"respect":[186],"multipliers,":[190],"necessary":[193],"meeting":[195],"constraints.":[197],"case":[199],"study":[200],"construction":[203],"machine":[204],"demonstrates":[205],"efficacy":[207],"shows":[212],"reduces":[216],"consumption":[218],"68%\u201373%":[220],"compared":[221],"baseline":[224],"load-sensing":[225],"architecture.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
