{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886613299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","title":"Soft-Sensor Development for Processes With Multiple Operating Modes Based on Semisupervised Gaussian Mixture Regression","display_name":"Soft-Sensor Development for Processes With Multiple Operating Modes Based on Semisupervised Gaussian Mixture Regression","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886613299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","mag":"2886613299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044970157","display_name":"Weiming Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-3072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862068","display_name":"Zhiqiang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048733958","display_name":"Zhihuan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihuan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044970157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97087131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"2169","last_page":"2181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5027017593383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48914793133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4792775809764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.47473129630088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.42938846349716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4193499982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3804439604282379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3522067964076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3378528952598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3056182265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2044355571269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14053621888160706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5027017593383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48914793133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4792775809764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.47473129630088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.42938846349716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4193499982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3804439604282379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3522067964076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3378528952598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3056182265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2044355571269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14053621888160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2856845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4658912197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0304203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4935712258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1723619723","https://openalex.org/W1964885885","https://openalex.org/W1969833588","https://openalex.org/W1975090201","https://openalex.org/W1986759966","https://openalex.org/W1997175832","https://openalex.org/W1998023709","https://openalex.org/W2000651380","https://openalex.org/W2001494200","https://openalex.org/W2038573408","https://openalex.org/W2052809458","https://openalex.org/W2087883561","https://openalex.org/W2094298886","https://openalex.org/W2096976414","https://openalex.org/W2097586110","https://openalex.org/W2100247797","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2136295067","https://openalex.org/W2158196600","https://openalex.org/W2319940424","https://openalex.org/W2332443565","https://openalex.org/W2343353457","https://openalex.org/W2420937411","https://openalex.org/W2461415590","https://openalex.org/W2463353318","https://openalex.org/W2463821062","https://openalex.org/W2539271148","https://openalex.org/W2540224322","https://openalex.org/W2586262374","https://openalex.org/W2587920002","https://openalex.org/W2727217266","https://openalex.org/W2759373267","https://openalex.org/W6674774769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4384212932","https://openalex.org/W4390590544","https://openalex.org/W1964286703","https://openalex.org/W2169866437","https://openalex.org/W2115519811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaussian":[0,116],"mixture":[1],"regression":[2],"(GMR)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5],"effective":[6],"tool":[7],"in":[8,17,50,80,118],"developing":[9],"soft":[10,70],"sensors":[11,71],"for":[12,152,181],"online":[13],"estimating":[14,182],"difficult-to-measure":[15],"variables":[16,129],"industrial":[18],"processes":[19],"with":[20],"multiple":[21],"operating":[22],"modes.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,68,107,113,122,135,139,148,153,183,187,190,198,201],"GMR":[26,90,164],"usually":[27],"requires":[28],"a":[29,88,169,176],"sufficient":[30],"amount":[31],"of":[32,44,115,150,189,200],"labeled":[33,53,100],"samples":[34,54,103],"to":[35,60,72,145,175],"guarantee":[36],"accurate":[37],"probability":[38],"density":[39],"function":[40],"(PDF)":[41],"estimations":[42],"because":[43],"its":[45],"supervised":[46],"learning":[47],"process.":[48],"Unfortunately,":[49],"soft-sensor":[51],"applications,":[52],"could":[55],"be":[56],"very":[57],"infrequent":[58],"due":[59],"technical":[61],"or":[62],"economic":[63],"limitations,":[64],"which":[65],"may":[66],"lead":[67],"GMR-based":[69],"unreliable":[73],"parameter":[74],"estimation":[75],"and":[76,101,121,127,172],"model":[77],"selection,":[78],"resulting":[79],"poor":[81],"prediction":[82],"performance.":[83],"To":[84],"tackle":[85],"this":[86],"problem,":[87],"semisupervised":[89],"(S":[91],"<sup":[92,109,155,161],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93,110,156,162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[94,111,157,163],"GMR)":[95],"was":[96,143,165],"proposed,":[97],"where":[98],"both":[99],"unlabeled":[102],"were":[104,130],"effective.":[105],"In":[106],"S":[108,154,160],"GMR,":[112],"PDFs":[114],"components":[117],"input":[119,126],"space":[120],"functional":[123],"dependence":[124],"between":[125],"output":[128],"learned":[131],"simultaneously":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"expectation-maximization":[136],"algorithm.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"Bayesian":[140],"information":[141],"criterion":[142],"employed":[144],"automatically":[146],"determine":[147],"number":[149],"Gaussians":[151],"GMR.":[158],"The":[159,193],"first":[166],"investigated":[167],"by":[168],"numerical":[170],"example,":[171],"then":[173],"applied":[174],"real-life":[177],"ammonia":[178],"synthesis":[179],"process":[180],"oxygen":[184],"concentration":[185],"at":[186],"top":[188],"primary":[191],"reformer.":[192],"two":[194],"case":[195],"studies":[196],"verified":[197],"effectiveness":[199],"proposed":[202],"method.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}