{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810641743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","title":"Scanning Tunneling Microscope Control: A Self-Tuning PI Controller Based on Online Local Barrier Height Estimation","display_name":"Scanning Tunneling Microscope Control: A Self-Tuning PI Controller Based on Online Local Barrier Height Estimation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810641743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","mag":"2810641743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061108898","display_name":"Farid Tajaddodianfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Tajaddodianfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-1993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061619957","display_name":"S. O. Reza Moheimani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. O. Reza Moheimani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-4126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030070049","display_name":"John N. Randall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114261","display_name":"Zyvex (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3cth88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114261"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John N. Randall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zyvex Labs LLC, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zyvex Labs LLC, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88767324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"2004","last_page":"2015"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7230564951896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6916211843490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","score":0.5600108504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.5399416089057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope","display_name":"Scanning tunneling microscope","score":0.5371445417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5146721005439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4833054542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-controller","display_name":"Open-loop controller","score":0.42567798495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.30749082565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29209476709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27250581979751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.2592206597328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21777164936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.16776013374328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16013145446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.12771907448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.11217096447944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.0912700891494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06881728768348694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7230564951896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6916211843490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.5600108504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5399416089057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6518042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646","display_name":"Scanning tunneling microscope","level":2,"score":0.5371445417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5146721005439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4833054542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.42567798495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30749082565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29209476709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27250581979751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.2592206597328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21777164936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.16776013374328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16013145446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.12771907448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.11217096447944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0912700891494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06881728768348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2844781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270553982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#FA8650-15-C-7542","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486910393","https://openalex.org/W1967318028","https://openalex.org/W1985911728","https://openalex.org/W1998440482","https://openalex.org/W2005115658","https://openalex.org/W2019929765","https://openalex.org/W2027327117","https://openalex.org/W2033013230","https://openalex.org/W2036033222","https://openalex.org/W2036033789","https://openalex.org/W2037533749","https://openalex.org/W2038714365","https://openalex.org/W2041910908","https://openalex.org/W2049888978","https://openalex.org/W2055756780","https://openalex.org/W2055759100","https://openalex.org/W2060652960","https://openalex.org/W2067993066","https://openalex.org/W2069946400","https://openalex.org/W2074846443","https://openalex.org/W2076834414","https://openalex.org/W2087433409","https://openalex.org/W2088225002","https://openalex.org/W2090205173","https://openalex.org/W2091981364","https://openalex.org/W2116645428","https://openalex.org/W2147405040","https://openalex.org/W2152335800","https://openalex.org/W2502777640","https://openalex.org/W2608150846","https://openalex.org/W2735483998","https://openalex.org/W2735698164","https://openalex.org/W2753378907","https://openalex.org/W2762108646","https://openalex.org/W2781774348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W204648549","https://openalex.org/W4244904831","https://openalex.org/W4256132489","https://openalex.org/W2162492316","https://openalex.org/W2359012561","https://openalex.org/W1538523502","https://openalex.org/W1521857137","https://openalex.org/W2167546557","https://openalex.org/W2901251206","https://openalex.org/W2156285637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,45],"identify":[1],"the":[2,16,23,36,42,51,62,66,74,85,90,93,101,110,115,121,131,136,141],"dynamics":[3],"of":[4,26,35,76,130,143],"a":[5,31,49,144],"scanning":[6],"tunneling":[7,43],"microscope":[8],"(STM)":[9],"in":[10,79,134],"closed":[11],"loop":[12],"and":[13,57,95],"show":[14],"that":[15,40,47,97],"plant":[17],"dc":[18],"gain":[19],"is":[20],"proportional":[21],"to":[22,83,98,120],"square":[24],"root":[25],"local":[27],"barrier":[28],"height":[29],"(LBH),":[30],"quantum":[32],"mechanical":[33],"property":[34],"sample":[37],"and/or":[38],"tip":[39,137],"affects":[41],"current.":[44],"demonstrate":[46],"during":[48],"scan,":[50],"LBH":[52],"may":[53],"undergo":[54],"significant":[55],"variations":[56],"this":[58],"can":[59],"adversely":[60],"affect":[61],"closed-loop":[63,86],"stability":[64],"if":[65],"controller":[67,104,113],"parameters":[68],"remain":[69],"fixed.":[70],"Feedback":[71],"instabilities":[72],"increase":[73],"risk":[75],"tip-sample":[77],"crash":[78],"STMs.":[80],"In":[81],"order":[82],"improve":[84],"performance,":[87],"we":[88],"estimate":[89],"LBH,":[91],"on":[92],"fly,":[94],"use":[96],"adaptively":[99],"tune":[100],"proportional-integral":[102],"(PI)":[103],"parameters.":[105],"Experimental":[106],"results":[107],"obtained":[108],"with":[109],"self-tuning":[111],"PI":[112,124],"confirm":[114,128],"improved":[116],"STM":[117],"performance":[118],"compared":[119],"conventional":[122],"fixed-gain":[123],"controller.":[125],"Additional":[126],"experiments":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"proposed":[132],"method":[133],"extending":[135],"lifetime":[138],"by":[139],"lowering":[140],"chance":[142],"tip/sample":[145],"crash.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
