{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801726868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","title":"CART3 Field Tests for Wind Turbine Region-2 Operation With Extremum Seeking Controllers","display_name":"CART3 Field Tests for Wind Turbine Region-2 Operation With Extremum Seeking Controllers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801726868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","mag":"2801726868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021724638","display_name":"Yan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-8185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-8185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019848729","display_name":"Yaoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5025-0313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5025-0313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043783789","display_name":"Mario A. Rotea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-0591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario A. Rotea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-0591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87686292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"1744","last_page":"1752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10944","display_name":"Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.7543398141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.6495184898376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.6102280020713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5993960499763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5687299966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5685044527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.559678316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5579913854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade-pitch","display_name":"Blade pitch","score":0.5405091643333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-control","display_name":"Pitch control","score":0.4765468239784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.44266802072525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4311720132827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4132750332355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.39809951186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33238619565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.15430092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14651736617088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09567499160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08591023087501526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.7543398141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.6495184898376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.6102280020713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5993960499763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5687299966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5685044527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.559678316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5579913854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97683284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134697","display_name":"Blade pitch","level":3,"score":0.5405091643333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027065","display_name":"Pitch control","level":3,"score":0.4765468239784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.44266802072525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4311720132827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4132750332355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.39809951186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33238619565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.15430092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14651736617088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09567499160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08591023087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2825450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G750841135","display_name":"I/UCRC:  Wind Energy, Science, Technology, and Research (WindSTAR)","funder_award_id":"1362033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327708","display_name":"University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4846564","https://openalex.org/W1558658871","https://openalex.org/W1690171307","https://openalex.org/W1982971904","https://openalex.org/W1983552141","https://openalex.org/W2019972052","https://openalex.org/W2079956182","https://openalex.org/W2106026793","https://openalex.org/W2107191190","https://openalex.org/W2111895250","https://openalex.org/W2124646895","https://openalex.org/W2159468497","https://openalex.org/W2166375424","https://openalex.org/W2321702492","https://openalex.org/W2797241277","https://openalex.org/W4300443332","https://openalex.org/W6633530397","https://openalex.org/W6675808714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067295992","https://openalex.org/W2015710369","https://openalex.org/W2011977908","https://openalex.org/W4294551908","https://openalex.org/W1982162351","https://openalex.org/W2054258310","https://openalex.org/W2053520780","https://openalex.org/W3153543586","https://openalex.org/W2941843380","https://openalex.org/W2367611314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"wind":[1],"turbines":[2],"operating":[3],"in":[4],"below-rated":[5],"wind-speed":[6],"conditions":[7],"(Region":[8],"2),":[9],"the":[10,21,42,47,59,65,83],"primary":[11],"objective":[12],"is":[13],"to":[14,63,89],"maximize":[15],"energy":[16,84],"capture.":[17],"This":[18],"brief":[19],"presents":[20],"results":[22,77],"of":[23,28,58],"a":[24,90],"comprehensive":[25],"field-test":[26],"evaluation":[27],"extremum":[29],"seeking":[30],"control":[31,64,81],"(ESC)":[32],"for":[33,72],"Region":[34],"2.":[35],"The":[36,52,76],"test":[37],"has":[38],"been":[39],"conducted":[40],"on":[41],"600-kW":[43],"CART3":[44],"facility":[45],"at":[46],"National":[48],"Renewable":[49],"Energy":[50],"Laboratory.":[51],"ESC":[53,80],"algorithm":[54],"tested":[55],"uses":[56],"feedback":[57],"rotor":[60],"power":[61,74],"only":[62],"torque":[66],"gain":[67],"and/or":[68],"blade":[69],"pitch":[70],"angle":[71],"maximum":[73],"production.":[75],"show":[78],"that":[79],"increases":[82],"capture":[85],"by":[86],"8%-12%":[87],"relative":[88],"baseline":[91],"controller.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}