{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2774156038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","title":"A New Real-Time Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles","display_name":"A New Real-Time Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2774156038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","mag":"2774156038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085302932","display_name":"Amir Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048251454","display_name":"Jeffrey B. Burl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey B. Burl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006620669","display_name":"Bin Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081965279","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-3170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085302932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96949769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"830","last_page":"837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6292848587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5885106325149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5584673881530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4707544445991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.43537116050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41163209080696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4018968641757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3987157642841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3303517997264862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15680548548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10547468066215515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6292848587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5885106325149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5584673881530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4707544445991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.43537116050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41163209080696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4018968641757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3987157642841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3303517997264862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15680548548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10547468066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2775184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-30304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/11002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495870701","https://openalex.org/W1574514837","https://openalex.org/W1587842166","https://openalex.org/W1801605453","https://openalex.org/W1979387894","https://openalex.org/W1998790037","https://openalex.org/W2014758508","https://openalex.org/W2027348620","https://openalex.org/W2057157575","https://openalex.org/W2057549651","https://openalex.org/W2058461808","https://openalex.org/W2084008601","https://openalex.org/W2088118445","https://openalex.org/W2111034649","https://openalex.org/W2115583576","https://openalex.org/W2116507007","https://openalex.org/W2142809728","https://openalex.org/W2149751000","https://openalex.org/W2150051923","https://openalex.org/W2154895692","https://openalex.org/W2161747488","https://openalex.org/W2161758672","https://openalex.org/W2165579389","https://openalex.org/W2174491883","https://openalex.org/W2196640364","https://openalex.org/W2205836559","https://openalex.org/W2236204240","https://openalex.org/W2426227936","https://openalex.org/W2501655773","https://openalex.org/W2549421927","https://openalex.org/W2560207371","https://openalex.org/W2561145466","https://openalex.org/W2579302214","https://openalex.org/W2586094934","https://openalex.org/W2734772970","https://openalex.org/W2752306854","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300011629","https://openalex.org/W7051684841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323768008","https://openalex.org/W3131574667","https://openalex.org/W4248382324","https://openalex.org/W4360995134","https://openalex.org/W2387529410","https://openalex.org/W2354768891","https://openalex.org/W4229332389","https://openalex.org/W1510108650","https://openalex.org/W2356819012","https://openalex.org/W2322968447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,24,28,32,45,61,89,100,105,133,140],"equivalent":[3,35,63],"consumption":[4],"minimization":[5],"strategy":[6,14,74,80,142],"(ECMS),":[7],"a":[8],"novel":[9],"real-time":[10,120],"energy":[11],"management":[12],"(EM)":[13],"for":[15,103,119],"parallel":[16],"hybrid":[17],"electric":[18],"vehicles":[19],"(HEVs)":[20],"is":[21,48,75,81,94,113],"introduced.":[22],"Given":[23],"full":[25],"trajectory":[26],"of":[27,69],"driver":[29],"demanded":[30],"power,":[31],"ECMS":[33,55],"optimal":[34],"factor":[36,64],"\u03bb*":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"determined.":[40],"For":[41],"causal":[42],"EM":[43,73,79],"strategies,":[44],"entire":[46],"drivecycle":[47],"not":[49],"known":[50],"in":[51],"advance.":[52],"Thus,":[53],"adaptive":[54],"(A-ECMS)":[56],"was":[57],"introduced,":[58],"which":[59],"sets":[60],"time-varying":[62],"\u03bb":[65],"as":[66],"an":[67,76,138],"estimate":[68],"\u03bb*.":[70],"The":[71],"proposed":[72,141],"A-ECMS.":[77],"This":[78],"designed":[82],"to":[83,115,132],"catch":[84],"energy-saving":[85],"opportunities":[86],"(CESOs)":[87],"during":[88],"trip,":[90],"and":[91,108,117],"thus,":[92],"it":[93,112],"named":[95],"ECMS-CESO.":[96],"Since":[97],"ECMS-CESO":[98,126],"eliminates":[99],"calculations":[101],"used":[102],"predicting":[104],"vehicle":[106],"velocity":[107],"performing":[109],"horizon":[110],"optimization,":[111],"easy":[114],"implement":[116],"fast":[118],"applications.":[121],"Simulation":[122],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"yields":[127],"fuel":[128],"economy":[129],"(FE)":[130],"close":[131],"maximum":[134],"FE.":[135],"Compared":[136],"with":[137],"A-ECMS,":[139],"improves":[143],"FE":[144],"by":[145],"7%.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
