{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2760436414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","title":"Optimal Gear Shift Schedule Design for Automated Vehicles: Hybrid System Based Analytical Approach","display_name":"Optimal Gear Shift Schedule Design for Automated Vehicles: Hybrid System Based Analytical Approach","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2760436414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","mag":"2760436414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064714785","display_name":"Chaozhe R. He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaozhe R. He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041943824","display_name":"Wubing B. Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wubing B. Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054418471","display_name":"Necmiye \u00d6zay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5552-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Necmiye Ozay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043415749","display_name":"G\u00e1bor Orosz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-3736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabor Orosz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91449485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"2078","last_page":"2090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.6851933002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5868017673492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.5813847780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.5754696726799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axle","display_name":"Axle","score":0.5514765381813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.546903133392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5105432271957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5092097520828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46122270822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.45670104026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4532616138458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41518017649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3699788451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13411545753479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11751306056976318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6851933002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5868017673492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.5813847780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5754696726799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129727815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188209","display_name":"Axle","level":2,"score":0.5514765381813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.546903133392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5105432271957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5092097520828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46122270822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.45670104026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4532616138458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41518017649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3699788451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13411545753479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11751306056976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2747506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309865537","https://openalex.org/W1552277675","https://openalex.org/W1763790326","https://openalex.org/W1974577084","https://openalex.org/W1978104648","https://openalex.org/W2013015804","https://openalex.org/W2020883449","https://openalex.org/W2044888545","https://openalex.org/W2062974796","https://openalex.org/W2069969998","https://openalex.org/W2101628261","https://openalex.org/W2118741873","https://openalex.org/W2125162432","https://openalex.org/W2160456562","https://openalex.org/W2163093043","https://openalex.org/W2245669154","https://openalex.org/W2343696594","https://openalex.org/W2410447053","https://openalex.org/W2437270635","https://openalex.org/W2482460452","https://openalex.org/W2525806825","https://openalex.org/W2591450570","https://openalex.org/W2795006282","https://openalex.org/W3165294547","https://openalex.org/W4243369158","https://openalex.org/W6610831746","https://openalex.org/W6644002976","https://openalex.org/W6734088964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650759427","https://openalex.org/W2331622280","https://openalex.org/W127377949","https://openalex.org/W4312942650","https://openalex.org/W2525671755","https://openalex.org/W2545991200","https://openalex.org/W645743027","https://openalex.org/W2359817373","https://openalex.org/W4306353745","https://openalex.org/W2349160101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,31,47,53],"systematic":[6],"design":[7,62,100],"framework":[8,93],"for":[9,19],"gear":[10,48,59,97],"shift":[11,60,98],"schedule":[12,61,99],"using":[13,108],"hybrid":[14,54],"system":[15],"theory":[16],"primarily":[17],"intended":[18],"automated":[20],"vehicles.":[21],"The":[22,40,77],"longitudinal":[23,41],"motion":[24],"of":[25,43,88,105],"the":[26,36,44,68,86,103,106],"vehicle":[27,45,96],"is":[28,50,63,80],"regulated":[29],"by":[30],"PI":[32],"controller":[33,107],"that":[34,67],"determines":[35],"required":[37],"axle":[38],"torque.":[39],"dynamics":[42,79],"with":[46],"box":[49],"modeled":[51],"as":[52],"system,":[55],"and":[56,101],"an":[57],"optimization-based":[58],"introduced.":[64],"This":[65],"guarantees":[66],"propulsion":[69],"requirements":[70],"are":[71],"delivered":[72],"while":[73],"minimizing":[74],"fuel":[75],"consumption.":[76],"resulting":[78],"proven":[81],"to":[82,94],"be":[83],"stable":[84],"in":[85],"presence":[87],"constraints.":[89],"We":[90],"apply":[91],"our":[92],"heavy-duty":[95],"evaluate":[102],"performance":[104],"numerical":[109],"simulations.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}