{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741940505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","title":"Learning-Based Hierarchical Distributed HVAC Scheduling With Operational Constraints","display_name":"Learning-Based Hierarchical Distributed HVAC Scheduling With Operational Constraints","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741940505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","mag":"2741940505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057149992","display_name":"Nikitha Radhakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikitha Radhakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049088556","display_name":"Seshadhri Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-3928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seshadhri Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SinBerBEST, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SinBerBEST, Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046844818","display_name":"Rong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-0586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023927229","display_name":"Kameshwar Poolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kameshwar Poolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9487835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"1892","last_page":"1900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7911806702613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.6803972721099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6711538434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6275568008422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5920337438583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5722562074661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5575385093688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.5089046955108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4625190496444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.28461194038391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2713804841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.1653597354888916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7911806702613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.6803972721099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711538434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6275568008422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5920337438583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5722562074661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5575385093688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.5089046955108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4625190496444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.28461194038391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2713804841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.1653597354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2728004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/140141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/140141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1619545498","https://openalex.org/W1667199472","https://openalex.org/W1805332844","https://openalex.org/W2000347248","https://openalex.org/W2001960389","https://openalex.org/W2003043073","https://openalex.org/W2003408565","https://openalex.org/W2006859604","https://openalex.org/W2018386036","https://openalex.org/W2038863060","https://openalex.org/W2058807572","https://openalex.org/W2076463508","https://openalex.org/W2083696954","https://openalex.org/W2092792488","https://openalex.org/W2106949712","https://openalex.org/W2317089056","https://openalex.org/W2336598650","https://openalex.org/W2344023947","https://openalex.org/W6650701902","https://openalex.org/W6676018967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W2749654269","https://openalex.org/W2329485921","https://openalex.org/W3031841740","https://openalex.org/W2735458449","https://openalex.org/W3123745253","https://openalex.org/W4250504406","https://openalex.org/W1915823365","https://openalex.org/W2521327745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"investigation":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"energy":[4,78,123,126,169,186],"management":[5],"system":[6],"for":[7,63,74,120],"large":[8],"multizone":[9],"commercial":[10,64],"buildings":[11],"that":[12,87,106,162],"combines":[13],"distributed":[14,22,60],"optimization":[15,23,61],"with":[16],"the":[17,21,28,34,39,76,83,101,107,122,130,152,155,167,176,179],"adaptive":[18],"learning.":[19],"While":[20],"provides":[24,91],"scalability":[25,94,141],"and":[26,43,52,95,116,188],"models":[27],"fresh-air":[29],"infusion":[30],"as":[31],"ventilation":[32,117],"constraints,":[33],"learning":[35],"algorithm":[36,181],"simultaneously":[37],"captures":[38],"influences":[40,108],"of":[41,109,129,154,178,184],"occupancy":[42],"user":[44],"interactions.":[45],"The":[46,125,173],"approach":[47,132,156],"employs":[48],"a":[49,54,59,136,147],"hierarchical":[50,89],"architecture":[51,90],"uses":[53],"service-oriented":[55],"framework":[56],"to":[57,100],"propose":[58],"method":[62],"buildings.":[65],"In":[66],"addition,":[67],"it":[68],"also":[69],"includes":[70],"operational":[71,110],"constraints":[72,111],"required":[73],"optimizing":[75],"building":[77],"consumption":[79],"not":[80],"studied":[81],"in":[82,182],"literature.":[84],"We":[85,104],"show":[86],"our":[88],"much":[92],"better":[93],"minimal":[96],"performance":[97],"loss":[98],"comparable":[99],"centralized":[102],"approach.":[103],"illustrate":[105],"on":[112,135,146],"chiller,":[113],"duct,":[114],"damper,":[115],"are":[118,171],"important":[119],"studying":[121],"savings.":[124],"saving":[127],"potential":[128],"proposed":[131,180],"is":[133,142],"illustrated":[134],"10-zone":[137],"building,":[138],"while":[139],"its":[140],"shown":[143],"via":[144],"simulations":[145],"500-zone":[148],"building.":[149],"To":[150],"study":[151],"robustness":[153],"meeting":[157],"cancellations":[158],"or":[159],"other":[160],"events":[161],"influence":[163],"zone":[164],"thermal":[165],"dynamics,":[166],"resulting":[168],"savings":[170],"studied.":[172],"results":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"advantages":[177],"terms":[183],"scalability,":[185],"consumption,":[187],"robustness.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}