{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2274943345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","title":"Optimal Control Approaches for Analysis of Energy Use Minimization of Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems","display_name":"Optimal Control Approaches for Analysis of Energy Use Minimization of Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2274943345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","mag":"2274943345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/497017","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046014934","display_name":"Ercan Atam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6073-5143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ercan Atam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016089132","display_name":"Dieter Patteeuw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-9549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Patteeuw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020116703","display_name":"Stefan Antonov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan P. Antonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108166973","display_name":"Lieve Helsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-8204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieve Helsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","EnergyVille, Genk, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EnergyVille, Genk, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9416067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11225","display_name":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6817971467971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6722749471664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5239327549934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5183040499687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.49884557723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pump","display_name":"Heat pump","score":0.4916298985481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boiler","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","score":0.47912025451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiller","display_name":"Chiller","score":0.4389197826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4388422667980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.42777788639068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.42107632756233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34838593006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3479158878326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23515468835830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13893595337867737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6817971467971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6722749471664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5239327549934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5183040499687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.49884557723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.4916298985481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780013297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596153","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","level":2,"score":0.47912025451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4638862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501558","display_name":"Chiller","level":2,"score":0.4389197826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4388422667980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.42777788639068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.42107632756233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34838593006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3479158878326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23515468835830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13893595337867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2015.2445851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/497017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/497017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 24 (2), (525-540)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/497017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/497017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 24 (2), (525-540)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84177944","https://openalex.org/W319819020","https://openalex.org/W598887023","https://openalex.org/W791413859","https://openalex.org/W1532499859","https://openalex.org/W1574514837","https://openalex.org/W1579236455","https://openalex.org/W1974529542","https://openalex.org/W1978480239","https://openalex.org/W1999366616","https://openalex.org/W2010569978","https://openalex.org/W2047439355","https://openalex.org/W2049532619","https://openalex.org/W2084350680","https://openalex.org/W2088227188","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2183591241","https://openalex.org/W2272918787","https://openalex.org/W2519685167","https://openalex.org/W2606131636","https://openalex.org/W2993695849","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603451824","https://openalex.org/W6611118498","https://openalex.org/W6622801901","https://openalex.org/W6685768475","https://openalex.org/W6694072365","https://openalex.org/W6726956303","https://openalex.org/W6736380081","https://openalex.org/W6771208007","https://openalex.org/W7011682910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2583854149","https://openalex.org/W2017798257","https://openalex.org/W2014376512","https://openalex.org/W2358702035","https://openalex.org/W2391551851","https://openalex.org/W2752447929","https://openalex.org/W2363944881","https://openalex.org/W1971360108","https://openalex.org/W3154423375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,12,20,36,44,47,50,106,112,121,127,133,180],"prediction-based":[6],"dynamic":[7],"programming":[8],"(DP)":[9],"control":[10,16,23,84,115,202],"approach,":[11,18],"nonlinear":[13,87],"model":[14,63,90,101,131,142,149,153],"predictive":[15],"(NMPC)":[17],"and":[19,53,68,78,223,238],"linear":[21],"optimal":[22,114],"(LOC)":[24],"approach":[25],"to":[26,102,160,169,193],"analyze":[27],"the":[28,31,69,75,80,94,99,140,144,170,197,207,245,248],"minimization":[29],"of":[30,35,82,174,182,189,209,212,215,229,233,241,247],"total":[32],"energy":[33,176],"use":[34,177],"hybrid":[37],"ground-coupled":[38,45],"heat":[39],"pump":[40],"(hp)":[41],"system":[42,77,198],"(incorporating":[43],"hp,":[46],"gas":[48],"boiler,":[49],"passive":[51],"cooler,":[52],"an":[54,157],"active":[55],"chiller)":[56],"under":[57],"operational":[58],"constraints.":[59],"A":[60,86],"large-scale":[61],"emulator":[62,100,141],"(based":[64],"on":[65,185,244],"finite-volume":[66],"method":[67],"equivalent-diameter":[70],"approach)":[71],"is":[72,91,111,137,154,165,191],"used":[73,104,119,155,205],"for":[74,79,123,206],"borehole":[76],"assessment":[81],"different":[83,249],"algorithms.":[85],"autoregressive":[88],"exogenous":[89],"identified":[92],"from":[93,139],"input-output":[95],"data":[96],"generated":[97],"by":[98],"be":[103],"in":[105,156,172],"DP-based":[107],"controller.":[108],"Since":[109],"DP":[110,171],"global":[113],"method,":[116],"it":[117],"was":[118],"as":[120],"reference":[122],"performance":[124,190,199,246],"assessment.":[125],"Next,":[126],"state-space":[128],"reduced-order":[129],"control-oriented":[130],"with":[132,167],"larger":[134],"sampling":[135],"time":[136],"obtained":[138],"using":[143],"so-called":[145],"proper":[146],"orthogonal":[147],"decomposition":[148],"reduction":[150],"technique.":[151],"This":[152],"NMPC":[158,164],"algorithm":[159],"see":[161,194],"how":[162,195],"much":[163,196],"suboptimal":[166],"respect":[168],"terms":[173],"annual":[175],"minimization.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"series":[181],"LOCs":[183],"based":[184],"constant":[186],"hp":[187],"coefficients":[188],"tested":[192],"deteriorates.":[200],"The":[201,227],"algorithms":[203],"are":[204,252],"satisfaction":[208],"heating-cooling":[210],"demands":[211],"three":[213],"types":[214],"buildings:":[216],"1)":[217],"heating":[218],"dominated;":[219,222],"2)":[220],"cooling":[221],"3)":[224],"thermally":[225],"balanced.":[226],"effects":[228],"constraining":[230],"thermal":[231,242],"buildup/depletion":[232],"ground,":[234],"variable":[235],"electricity":[236],"prices,":[237],"marginal":[239],"violation":[240],"comfort":[243],"controllers":[250],"applied":[251],"also":[253],"separately":[254],"analyzed.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
