{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121730024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","title":"Two Time-Scaled Battery Model Identification With Application to Battery State Estimation","display_name":"Two Time-Scaled Battery Model Identification With Application to Battery State Estimation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121730024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","mag":"2121730024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110053852","display_name":"Yiran Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA","[Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027301109","display_name":"Yue-Yun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-4149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue-Yun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA","[Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Propulsion Systems Research Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110053852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94835182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1180","last_page":"1188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.7945181131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6184550523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5854622721672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.5728195905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-identification","display_name":"System identification","score":0.5351648330688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48975133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.460559219121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.43936651945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4387948215007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4297350347042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-model","display_name":"Online model","score":0.42250487208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.372123658657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.24401837587356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1822192370891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1556915044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13620564341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10960081219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08286881446838379}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.7945181131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6184550523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5854622721672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.5728195905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119247159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366192","display_name":"System identification","level":3,"score":0.5351648330688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48975133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.460559219121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.43936651945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4387948215007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4297350347042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777851325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094102","display_name":"Online model","level":2,"score":0.42250487208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.372123658657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.24401837587356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1822192370891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1556915044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13620564341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10960081219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08286881446838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2358846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150277591","https://openalex.org/W1555946919","https://openalex.org/W1770213553","https://openalex.org/W1989398492","https://openalex.org/W2000702553","https://openalex.org/W2003067801","https://openalex.org/W2009804128","https://openalex.org/W2014970059","https://openalex.org/W2021946857","https://openalex.org/W2040685084","https://openalex.org/W2050591158","https://openalex.org/W2078211541","https://openalex.org/W2102227895","https://openalex.org/W2108084892","https://openalex.org/W2108146686","https://openalex.org/W2109025235","https://openalex.org/W2132930485","https://openalex.org/W2140123645","https://openalex.org/W2168554548","https://openalex.org/W2281781341","https://openalex.org/W3142608783","https://openalex.org/W6681935620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163186446","https://openalex.org/W235371122","https://openalex.org/W3108133766","https://openalex.org/W4252600690","https://openalex.org/W1576040274","https://openalex.org/W2094241856","https://openalex.org/W1990936865","https://openalex.org/W2277634469","https://openalex.org/W2261320474","https://openalex.org/W2040685084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrified":[0],"propulsion":[1,44],"systems":[2],"have":[3,114],"now":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6],"increasingly":[7],"popular":[8],"option":[9],"for":[10],"automotive":[11],"companies":[12],"to":[13,55,68,72,92,94,124,159,182,231,253],"meet":[14],"the":[15,36,74,88,98,104,107,125,130,146,185,192,207,233,239,255],"more":[16,240],"stringent":[17],"emissions":[18],"standards.":[19],"A":[20,64],"well-designed":[21],"battery":[22,75,89,140,150,161,220,226,244],"state":[23,51],"estimation":[24,52,257],"(BSE)":[25],"system,":[26],"which":[27,198],"includes":[28],"state-of-charge":[29],"and":[30,62,100,148,238],"state-of-health":[31],"estimation,":[32],"is":[33,71,168,179,229,251],"one":[34],"of":[35,40,97,106,129,184,209],"most":[37],"important":[38],"aspects":[39],"a":[41,79,137,174,248],"successful":[42,58],"electrified":[43],"system":[45],"design.":[46,108],"Among":[47],"different":[48],"methods,":[49],"model-based":[50,69],"has":[53],"proven":[54],"be":[56,200,223],"very":[57,115],"in":[59,83,118,203,206],"their":[60],"accuracy":[61],"implementability.":[63],"relatively":[65],"newer":[66],"approach":[67,158],"BSE":[70],"identify":[73],"model":[76,90,141,162,175],"parameters":[77],"(typically":[78],"low-order":[80],"control-oriented":[81],"model)":[82],"real":[84,204],"time.":[85],"This":[86],"allows":[87],"parameter":[91,142],"adjust":[93],"changing":[95],"characteristics":[96,128],"battery,":[99],"thus":[101],"further":[102],"improving":[103],"robustness":[105],"However,":[109],"standard":[110,157,193,241],"identification":[111,121,143,215],"algorithms":[112],"used":[113,230,252],"limited":[116],"capability":[117],"performing":[119],"this":[120,133,170,189,214,236],"successfully":[122],"due":[123],"frequency":[126,177],"response":[127,178],"battery.":[131,187],"In":[132],"brief,":[134],"we":[135,217],"describe":[136],"two":[138],"time-scaled":[139],"method,":[144,197,216],"where":[145,164],"slower":[147],"faster":[149],"dynamics":[151],"are":[152],"identified":[153],"separately.":[154],"Compared":[155],"with":[156],"real-time":[160],"identification,":[163],"no":[165],"such":[166],"separation":[167],"made,":[169],"method":[171,190,237],"can":[172,199,222],"generate":[173],"whose":[176],"much":[180],"closer":[181],"that":[183],"actual":[186],"Furthermore,":[188],"uses":[191],"least":[194,211],"squares":[195],"regression":[196],"easily":[201],"implemented":[202],"time":[205],"form":[208],"recursive":[210],"squares.":[212],"Using":[213],"show":[218],"how":[219],"SoC":[221,256],"estimated.":[224],"Laboratory":[225],"cell":[227],"data":[228],"illustrate":[232],"difference":[234],"between":[235],"approach.":[242],"Then,":[243],"pack":[245],"collected":[246],"from":[247],"test":[249],"vehicle":[250],"demonstrate":[254],"capability.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}