{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143503595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","title":"Estimation of Heat Source Term and Thermal Diffusion in Tokamak Plasmas Using a Kalman Filtering Method in the Early Lumping Approach","display_name":"Estimation of Heat Source Term and Thermal Diffusion in Tokamak Plasmas Using a Kalman Filtering Method in the Early Lumping Approach","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143503595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","mag":"2143503595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01222853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032190500","display_name":"Sarah Mechhoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Mechhoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia",", King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029011489","display_name":"Emmanuel Witrant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-8915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177483745","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier","ror":"https://ror.org/02aj0kh94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177483745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"GIPSA-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Witrant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d&#x2019;H&#x00E8;res, France","Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d&#x2019;H&#x00E8;res, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003072408","display_name":"Luc Dugard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177483745","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier","ror":"https://ror.org/02aj0kh94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177483745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"GIPSA-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Dugard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d&#x2019;H&#x00E8;res, France","Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d&#x2019;H&#x00E8;res, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique Laboratory, University Joseph Fourier, St. Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034314362","display_name":"D. Moreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142114","display_name":"Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magn\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/03hffat62","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210142114"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didier Moreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Research Institute on Magnetic Fusion, St. Paul-Lez-Durance, France","[French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Research Institute on Magnetic Fusion, St. Paul-Lez-Durance, France]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Research Institute on Magnetic Fusion, St. Paul-Lez-Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142114"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Research Institute on Magnetic Fusion, St. Paul-Lez-Durance, France]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142114"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.7011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99018931,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"449","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6405667066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-equation","display_name":"Heat equation","score":0.638146698474884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokamak","display_name":"Tokamak","score":0.6047238111495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6020255088806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galerkin-method","display_name":"Galerkin method","score":0.5581145882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.5479294657707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.520744800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.5128071904182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.5023458003997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.483405739068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parabolic-partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Parabolic partial differential equation","score":0.4386095404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.33464252948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28442245721817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18935853242874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.11694443225860596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6405667066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202787564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510488","display_name":"Heat equation","level":2,"score":0.638146698474884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.6047238111495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6020255088806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186899397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1491980","display_name":"Galerkin method","level":3,"score":0.5581145882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.5479294657707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.520744800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.5128071904182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5023458003997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.483405739068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186867907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575416","display_name":"Parabolic partial differential equation","level":3,"score":0.4386095404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.33464252948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28442245721817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18935853242874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.11694443225860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2014.2342760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.724.1564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.724.1564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gipsa-lab.grenoble-inp.fr/%7Ee.witrant/papers/14_TCST_Mechhoud.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01222853v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01222853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2015, 23 (2), pp.449 - 463. &#x27E8;10.1109/TCST.2014.2342760&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/655939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/655939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01222853v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01222853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2015, 23 (2), pp.449 - 463. &#x27E8;10.1109/TCST.2014.2342760&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69082199","https://openalex.org/W576746302","https://openalex.org/W1173122511","https://openalex.org/W1540723801","https://openalex.org/W1653452151","https://openalex.org/W1963882164","https://openalex.org/W1970227820","https://openalex.org/W1974760079","https://openalex.org/W1976565604","https://openalex.org/W1981364618","https://openalex.org/W1990921459","https://openalex.org/W1991359259","https://openalex.org/W1997350807","https://openalex.org/W2001509472","https://openalex.org/W2016026577","https://openalex.org/W2020202587","https://openalex.org/W2029994865","https://openalex.org/W2039522419","https://openalex.org/W2040812491","https://openalex.org/W2043557588","https://openalex.org/W2045971802","https://openalex.org/W2047205114","https://openalex.org/W2051635647","https://openalex.org/W2057288362","https://openalex.org/W2057798714","https://openalex.org/W2064286311","https://openalex.org/W2064815138","https://openalex.org/W2065015198","https://openalex.org/W2087646920","https://openalex.org/W2089404384","https://openalex.org/W2109806713","https://openalex.org/W2125092943","https://openalex.org/W2128751239","https://openalex.org/W2131637550","https://openalex.org/W2135528721","https://openalex.org/W2145401871","https://openalex.org/W2147861275","https://openalex.org/W2156216575","https://openalex.org/W2158567645","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2163379758","https://openalex.org/W2306333247","https://openalex.org/W2503900448","https://openalex.org/W2529647485","https://openalex.org/W2624132834","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W3205656812","https://openalex.org/W3214968550","https://openalex.org/W4243828759","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636957292","https://openalex.org/W6661404113","https://openalex.org/W6681679407","https://openalex.org/W6698171040","https://openalex.org/W6728020895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041309965","https://openalex.org/W2940496612","https://openalex.org/W4253091646","https://openalex.org/W2386706262","https://openalex.org/W2536124417","https://openalex.org/W2667878676","https://openalex.org/W3131706438","https://openalex.org/W3113865366","https://openalex.org/W2969693569","https://openalex.org/W2182317085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,125],"this":[1,33],"paper,":[2],"early":[3],"lumping":[4],"estimation":[5],"of":[6,32,137],"space-time":[7],"varying":[8,102],"diffusion":[9],"coefficient":[10,92],"and":[11,64,85,87,113,127],"source":[12],"term":[13],"for":[14],"a":[15,38,55],"nonhomogeneous":[16],"linear":[17,57],"parabolic":[18],"partial":[19],"differential":[20],"equation":[21],"(PDE)":[22],"describing":[23],"tokamak":[24],"plasma":[25],"heat":[26],"transport":[27],"is":[28,35,77,93,110],"considered.":[29],"The":[30,66],"analysis":[31],"PDE":[34],"achieved":[36],"in":[37,95],"finite-dimensional":[39,56],"framework":[40],"using":[41],"the":[42,49,82,96,107,114,120,135,138],"cubic":[43],"b-splines":[44],"finite":[45],"element":[46],"method":[47],"with":[48,61,70,100],"Galerkin":[50],"formulation.":[51],"This":[52],"leads":[53],"to":[54,79,98,119,133],"time-varying":[58],"state-space":[59],"model":[60,117],"unknown":[62,71,83],"parameters":[63,84],"inputs.":[65],"extended":[67],"Kalman":[68],"filter":[69],"inputs":[72,86],"without":[73],"direct":[74,108],"feedthrough":[75],"(EKF-UI-WDF)":[76],"applied":[78],"simultaneously":[80],"estimate":[81],"an":[88],"adaptive":[89],"fading":[90],"memory":[91],"introduced":[94],"EKF-UI-WDF,":[97],"deal":[99],"time":[101],"parameters.":[103],"Conditions":[104],"under":[105],"which":[106],"problem":[109],"well":[111],"posed":[112],"reduced":[115],"order":[116],"converges":[118],"initial":[121],"one":[122],"are":[123,131],"established.":[124],"silico":[126],"real":[128],"data":[129],"simulations":[130],"provided":[132],"evaluate":[134],"performances":[136],"proposed":[139],"technique.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
