{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086162711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","title":"Proportional-Integral Control of First-Order Time-Delay Systems via Eigenvalue Assignment","display_name":"Proportional-Integral Control of First-Order Time-Delay Systems via Eigenvalue Assignment","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086162711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","mag":"2086162711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101690399","display_name":"Sun Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-3104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA","Dept. of Mech. Eng., North Carolina Agric. & Tech. State Univ., Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Eng., North Carolina Agric. & Tech. State Univ., Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103166555","display_name":"Patrick W. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8751-2719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick W. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Center for Comput. Med. & Bioinf., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Comput. Med. & Bioinf., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067097078","display_name":"A. Galip Ulsoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-0602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Galip Ulsoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96542716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1586","last_page":"1594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.7726950645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.729742169380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambert-w-function","display_name":"Lambert W function","score":0.6560462713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-plane","display_name":"Complex plane","score":0.5231243968009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5132803916931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.506808340549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.504480242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.49677973985671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-equation","display_name":"Differential equation","score":0.45079687237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4503067433834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.394198477268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2936028242111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2715224623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.206971675157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16417095065116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09919556975364685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.7726950645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.729742169380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130924491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429331","display_name":"Lambert W function","level":2,"score":0.6560462713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179117685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328998","display_name":"Complex plane","level":2,"score":0.5231243968009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5132803916931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.506808340549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.504480242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.49677973985671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.45079687237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4503067433834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.394198477268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2936028242111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2715224623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.206971675157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16417095065116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09919556975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2216267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546613882","https://openalex.org/W1636433556","https://openalex.org/W1679253237","https://openalex.org/W1965758534","https://openalex.org/W1970069537","https://openalex.org/W1970925896","https://openalex.org/W1981359623","https://openalex.org/W1986359806","https://openalex.org/W1988098342","https://openalex.org/W2006761925","https://openalex.org/W2012433410","https://openalex.org/W2016977630","https://openalex.org/W2027832948","https://openalex.org/W2031145632","https://openalex.org/W2038775651","https://openalex.org/W2039096030","https://openalex.org/W2063407025","https://openalex.org/W2070888643","https://openalex.org/W2082719352","https://openalex.org/W2084834371","https://openalex.org/W2086184755","https://openalex.org/W2095962912","https://openalex.org/W2096038963","https://openalex.org/W2098081686","https://openalex.org/W2099819066","https://openalex.org/W2103914724","https://openalex.org/W2108375445","https://openalex.org/W2116937896","https://openalex.org/W2127783983","https://openalex.org/W2132794670","https://openalex.org/W2136502957","https://openalex.org/W2140246545","https://openalex.org/W2149232645","https://openalex.org/W2157950816","https://openalex.org/W2158924650","https://openalex.org/W2160204261","https://openalex.org/W2162675014","https://openalex.org/W2165257605","https://openalex.org/W2168196357","https://openalex.org/W2171429927","https://openalex.org/W2262408396","https://openalex.org/W2477672502","https://openalex.org/W4236550665","https://openalex.org/W4251792756","https://openalex.org/W6636450073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083820578","https://openalex.org/W2021327365","https://openalex.org/W2913274649","https://openalex.org/W3101823931","https://openalex.org/W2051970599","https://openalex.org/W221013995","https://openalex.org/W1984283576","https://openalex.org/W4385657536","https://openalex.org/W1974565581","https://openalex.org/W3203311721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"design":[2,56,171],"method":[3,57,134,165],"is":[4,62,116,153,175],"presented":[5,58,133],"for":[6,82,166],"proportional-integral":[7],"(PI)":[8],"controllers":[9,81,129,174],"of":[10,16,30,49,75,101,123,149,162,172],"first-order":[11,83],"plants":[12,84],"in":[13,59,73,97,110],"the":[14,27,31,39,55,76,92,98,111,124,132,137,150,156],"presence":[15],"time":[17,21,50,86],"delays.":[18,51],"In":[19],"general,":[20],"delays":[22,87],"can":[23,135],"limit":[24],"and":[25,34,104,140,155],"degrade":[26],"achievable":[28],"performance":[29,139],"controlled":[32],"system,":[33],"even":[35],"induce":[36],"instability.":[37],"Thus,":[38],"PI":[40,80],"gains":[41],"should":[42],"be":[43],"selected":[44],"carefully":[45],"considering":[46],"such":[47],"effects":[48],"Unlike":[52],"existing":[53],"methods,":[54],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"based":[63],"on":[64],"solutions":[65],"to":[66,107,119,170],"delay":[67],"differential":[68],"equations,":[69],"which":[70],"are":[71,88],"derived":[72],"terms":[74],"Lambert":[77,125],"W":[78,126],"function.":[79,127],"with":[85,160,177],"designed":[89,130],"by":[90],"obtaining":[91],"rightmost":[93,151],"(i.e.,":[94],"dominant)":[95],"eigenvalues":[96,152],"infinite":[99],"eigenspectrum":[100],"time-delay":[102],"systems":[103],"assigning":[105],"them":[106],"desired":[108],"positions":[109],"complex":[112],"plane.":[113],"The":[114,128],"process":[115],"possible":[117],"due":[118],"a":[120,163],"novel":[121],"property":[122],"using":[131],"improve":[136],"system":[138],"successfully":[141],"stabilize":[142],"an":[143],"unstable":[144],"plant.":[145],"Also,":[146],"sensitivity":[147],"analysis":[148],"conducted,":[154],"results":[157],"compare":[158],"favorably":[159],"those":[161],"prediction-based":[164],"eigenvalue":[167],"assignment.":[168],"Extension":[169],"PI-differential":[173],"discussed":[176],"examples.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}