{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037628215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","title":"Controlling a MEMS Deformable Mirror in a Miniature Auto-Focusing Imaging System","display_name":"Controlling a MEMS Deformable Mirror in a Miniature Auto-Focusing Imaging System","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037628215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","mag":"2037628215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111533047","display_name":"Hsiang-Chun Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-Chun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015664966","display_name":"Yuan-Heng Chien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Heng Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003114001","display_name":"Wei-Yao Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yao Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrumentation Engineering, Instrument Technology Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrumentation Engineering, Instrument Technology Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100802113","display_name":"Yuan-Chieh Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Chieh Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrumentation Engineering, Instrument Technology Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrumentation Engineering, Instrument Technology Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062829016","display_name":"Guo-Dung J. Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Dung J. Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70314974,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"1592","last_page":"1596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.9033524990081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.7710715532302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-coil","display_name":"Voice coil","score":0.6107953786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5888272523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5130952596664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.45278215408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43679285049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformable-mirror","display_name":"Deformable mirror","score":0.4346281588077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.4115784764289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40582260489463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.3354107737541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3105318546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3019030690193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2208804488182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14856383204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1455560028553009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.9033524990081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.7710715532302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131513009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369121","display_name":"Voice coil","level":3,"score":0.6107953786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5888272523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5130952596664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45278215408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43679285049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136872047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251695","display_name":"Deformable mirror","level":3,"score":0.4346281588077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.4115784764289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40582260489463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.3354107737541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3105318546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3019030690193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2208804488182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14856383204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1455560028553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2011.2165543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133363738","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","issn_l":"1063-6536","issn":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987550416","https://openalex.org/W1989700546","https://openalex.org/W2004508131","https://openalex.org/W2005967850","https://openalex.org/W2008415181","https://openalex.org/W2025232514","https://openalex.org/W2076423969","https://openalex.org/W2082087395","https://openalex.org/W2094914718","https://openalex.org/W2106551223","https://openalex.org/W2110212728","https://openalex.org/W2128198022","https://openalex.org/W2132788025","https://openalex.org/W2150341051","https://openalex.org/W2162716276","https://openalex.org/W2172144905","https://openalex.org/W4237100303","https://openalex.org/W4247184849","https://openalex.org/W4376101433","https://openalex.org/W6647690117","https://openalex.org/W6651755227","https://openalex.org/W6681323045","https://openalex.org/W6819195801","https://openalex.org/W6986549697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383913357","https://openalex.org/W2639723818","https://openalex.org/W2022087018","https://openalex.org/W1512992826","https://openalex.org/W4327715923","https://openalex.org/W2349362451","https://openalex.org/W2000699158","https://openalex.org/W2792653693","https://openalex.org/W2167532635","https://openalex.org/W2333775395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"auto-focusing":[1,52,132],"camera":[2,53],"modules":[3],"adjust":[4],"their":[5],"optical":[6],"focus":[7,127],"by":[8],"moving":[9],"lenses.":[10],"Although":[11],"motors,":[12,20],"such":[13],"as":[14],"stepping":[15],"motors":[16],"or":[17],"voice":[18],"coil":[19],"can":[21,78,99],"change":[22],"the":[23,32,96,108,138],"lens":[24],"position":[25],"with":[26,64],"great":[27],"precision":[28],"and":[29,37],"thus":[30],"vary":[31],"image":[33,123],"sharpness,":[34],"large":[35],"volume":[36],"excess":[38],"power":[39],"consumption":[40],"remain":[41],"critical":[42],"issues":[43],"for":[44,103],"mobile":[45,104],"device":[46],"applications.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49,77],"discusses":[50],"an":[51],"module":[54,98],"that":[55],"adopts":[56],"a":[57,115,121,126],"microelectromechanical":[58],"system":[59],"(MEMS)":[60],"deformable":[61],"mirror":[62],"(DM)":[63],"variable":[65],"focusing":[66,83],"capability":[67],"to":[68,119],"replace":[69],"mechanical":[70],"motors.":[71],"The":[72,130],"DM":[73],"used":[74],"in":[75],"this":[76],"provide":[79],"20":[80],"diopters":[81],"of":[82,89,107,110],"capability,":[84],"which":[85],"is":[86,134],"one":[87],"order":[88],"magnitude":[90],"higher":[91],"than":[92,137],"silicon-based":[93],"DMs,":[94,112],"so":[95],"autofocus":[97],"be":[100],"compact":[101],"enough":[102],"devices.":[105],"Because":[106],"characteristics":[109],"MEMS":[111],"we":[113],"proposed":[114],"\u201cpercentage-drop\u201d":[116],"searching":[117,140],"algorithm":[118],"find":[120],"sharp":[122],"based":[124],"on":[125],"value":[128],"calculation.":[129],"average":[131],"time":[133],"45%":[135],"faster":[136],"global":[139],"method.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}