{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117498755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013","title":"Attack Graph-Epidemic Hybrid Modeling for Mitigating Cyber Threats Propagation","display_name":"Attack Graph-Epidemic Hybrid Modeling for Mitigating Cyber Threats Propagation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117498755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078626894","display_name":"Mousa Tayseer Jafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa Tayseer Jafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121512269","display_name":"Wei Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012015574","display_name":"Lu\u2010Xing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-5787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu-Xing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-5787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-641X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-641X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83455829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"2288","last_page":"2307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.26489999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.26489999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.10790000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.1006999984383583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3158000111579895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7236999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1627819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572354","display_name":"Epidemic model","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780741293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818019","display_name":"Attack patterns","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3635013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6991212964057922,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"notable":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,13,28,40,68,151,194,209,227,261],"applying":[4],"epidemic":[5,102,128,187,225],"models":[6,19,49,188,226],"to":[7,26,79],"cybersecurity,":[8],"current":[9],"approaches":[10,260],"often":[11],"underperform":[12],"practice.":[14],"Research":[15],"indicates":[16],"that":[17,97,142,158],"these":[18],"can":[20,58],"produce":[21],"substantial":[22],"prediction":[23,61],"errors":[24],"due":[25],"challenges":[27],"parameter":[29,133],"estimation,":[30],"the":[31,120,127,143,155,159,166,204,218,221,245],"complexity":[32],"and":[33,38,70,82,114,135,239,250],"heterogeneity":[34],"of":[35,110,122,162,197,206,223],"real-world":[36,251],"networks,":[37],"limitations":[39],"accurately":[41],"evaluating":[42],"model":[43],"performance":[44],"against":[45],"empirical":[46],"data.":[47],"Prior":[48],"frequently":[50],"rely":[51],"on":[52],"generalized":[53],"or":[54],"static":[55],"parameters,":[56],"which":[57],"further":[59],"exacerbate":[60],"inaccuracies,":[62],"particularly":[63],"when":[64],"estimating":[65],"infection":[66,211],"spread":[67,212],"complex":[69],"heterogeneous":[71],"network":[72,229],"environments.":[73],"Such":[74],"inaccuracies":[75],"limit":[76],"their":[77],"ability":[78],"support":[80],"timely":[81],"effective":[83],"threat":[84,234],"response.":[85],"To":[86],"address":[87],"this":[88,90],"gap,":[89],"article":[91],"presents":[92],"a":[93,107,117,148,254],"novel":[94],"hybrid":[95],"framework":[96,145],"integrates":[98],"attack":[99,112,171,190],"graphs":[100,105],"with":[101,169],"modeling.":[103],"Attack":[104],"provide":[106],"structured":[108],"representation":[109],"potential":[111],"paths":[113],"interdependencies":[115],"within":[116],"network,":[118],"enabling":[119],"incorporation":[121],"real,":[123],"context-aware":[124],"values":[125],"into":[126],"model.":[129],"This":[130],"integration":[131,192],"enhances":[132],"accuracy":[134],"improves":[136],"predictive":[137],"capability.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"evaluations":[140],"demonstrate":[141,220],"proposed":[144,167],"(PFW)":[146],"achieves":[147],"91.25%":[149],"improvement":[150],"performance.":[152],"More":[153],"specifically,":[154],"results":[156,219],"indicate":[157],"average":[160,196],"number":[161],"infected":[163,199],"devices":[164],"using":[165],"method":[168],"an":[170,195],"graph":[172,191],"for":[173,178],"multivulnerabilities":[174],"is":[175,182],"5,":[176],"while":[177],"single-vulnerability":[179],"cases":[180],"it":[181],"18.":[183],"In":[184],"comparison,":[185],"traditional":[186],"without":[189],"result":[193],"70":[198],"devices.":[200],"These":[201],"findings":[202],"highlight":[203],"effectiveness":[205],"our":[207],"approach":[208],"minimizing":[210],"under":[213],"diverse":[214],"vulnerability":[215],"conditions.":[216],"Overall,":[217],"value":[222],"grounding":[224],"realistic":[228],"conditions,":[230],"thereby":[231],"advancing":[232],"adaptive":[233],"modeling,":[235],"proactive":[236],"defense":[237],"strategies,":[238],"informed":[240],"decision-making.":[241],"Our":[242],"work":[243],"bridges":[244],"gap":[246],"between":[247],"theoretical":[248],"modeling":[249],"application,":[252],"offering":[253],"significant":[255],"step":[256],"toward":[257],"practical":[258],"epidemic-based":[259],"cybersecurity.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T16:38:21.277918","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}