{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411086490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360","title":"GC-SPM: A Fast $O(N\\lg N)$ Graph Clustering Technique Using Structural Proximity for Social Systems Analysis","display_name":"GC-SPM: A Fast $O(N\\lg N)$ Graph Clustering Technique Using Structural Proximity for Social Systems Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411086490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038026421","display_name":"Mohammad Maksood Akhter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-1859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Maksood Akhter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-1859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020824357","display_name":"Rashmi Maheshwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193073490","display_name":"Siksha O Anusandhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ep7w45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashmi Maheshwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiksha &#x2018;O&#x2019; Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-284X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiksha &#x2018;O&#x2019; Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089497134","display_name":"Abdul Atif Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Atif Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7943-6545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000674132","display_name":"Sraban Kumar Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-7174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sraban Kumar Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-7174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9468293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"4665","last_page":"4676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.8428999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.8428999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7100743651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.4949137568473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48379749059677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4699428677558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3934514820575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3214229941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29616937041282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2604058086872101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24756169319152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23035186529159546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7100743651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.4949137568473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48379749059677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4699428677558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3934514820575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3214229941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29616937041282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2604058086872101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24756169319152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23035186529159546}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3569360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988187701","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W1998871699","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2084224084","https://openalex.org/W2084642062","https://openalex.org/W2141585940","https://openalex.org/W2147615062","https://openalex.org/W2156090204","https://openalex.org/W2294137680","https://openalex.org/W2603442972","https://openalex.org/W2936511040","https://openalex.org/W2940439836","https://openalex.org/W2979561210","https://openalex.org/W2985434080","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3028265701","https://openalex.org/W3047024306","https://openalex.org/W3090540127","https://openalex.org/W3121183267","https://openalex.org/W4205522520","https://openalex.org/W4213418104","https://openalex.org/W4231410305","https://openalex.org/W4246396312","https://openalex.org/W4286268131","https://openalex.org/W4295736907","https://openalex.org/W4312956733","https://openalex.org/W4313171700","https://openalex.org/W4384285155","https://openalex.org/W4387092454","https://openalex.org/W4388505202","https://openalex.org/W4394862701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2078814861","https://openalex.org/W2527526854","https://openalex.org/W1976181487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3],"information":[4],"technology":[5],"in":[6,141,163],"social":[7,165],"systems":[8],"has":[9,20],"made":[10],"extracting":[11],"insights":[12],"from":[13],"large-scale,":[14],"real-time":[15,161],"data":[16,87,98],"increasingly":[17],"challenging.":[18],"This":[19,53],"led":[21],"to":[22,37,71,112],"a":[23,57,82],"demand":[24],"for":[25,160],"faster":[26],"and":[27,59,67,116,138,173],"more":[28],"efficient":[29,60],"clustering":[30,43,62,73,142],"algorithms.":[31],"Traditional":[32],"methods":[33,140],"like":[34],"K-means":[35],"struggle":[36],"capture":[38],"complex":[39],"structures,":[40],"while":[41,75,144],"graph-based":[42,61],"techniques,":[44],"though":[45],"effective,":[46],"often":[47],"come":[48],"with":[49],"high":[50],"computational":[51,77,153,164],"costs.":[52],"work":[54],"introduces":[55],"GC-SPM,":[56],"fast":[58],"method":[63,80],"that":[64,134],"leverages":[65],"intra-":[66],"interproximity":[68],"between":[69],"subclusters":[70,95],"improve":[72],"accuracy":[74],"reducing":[76],"overhead.":[78],"follows":[81],"three-step":[83],"process:":[84],"1)":[85],"two-stage":[86],"partitioning,":[88],"which":[89,107,120],"splits":[90],"the":[91,146],"dataset":[92],"into":[93],"compact":[94],"based":[96,124],"on":[97,125,130],"dispersion,":[99],"preserving":[100],"geometric":[101],"distribution;":[102],"2)":[103],"sparse":[104],"graph":[105],"construction,":[106],"efficiently":[108],"connects":[109],"subcluster":[110],"centers":[111],"identify":[113],"adjacency":[114],"relationships;":[115],"3)":[117],"iterative":[118],"merging,":[119],"forms":[121],"final":[122],"clusters":[123],"structural":[126],"similarity.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"diverse":[131],"datasets":[132],"show":[133],"GC-SPM":[135,157],"outperforms":[136],"traditional":[137],"state-of-the-art":[139],"quality":[143],"achieving":[145],"fastest":[147],"execution":[148],"time.":[149],"With":[150],"an":[151],"overall":[152],"complexity":[154],"of$O(N\\lg":[155],"N)$,":[156],"is":[158],"well-suited":[159],"applications":[162],"systems,":[166],"including":[167],"human":[168],"activity":[169],"recognition,":[170],"e-commerce":[171],"analytics,":[172],"environmental":[174],"monitoring.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
