{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409985242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114","title":"PFBL: Prototype-Based Fully Balanced Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection","display_name":"PFBL: Prototype-Based Fully Balanced Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409985242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039792198","display_name":"Fei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-4947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6470-078X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6470-078X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhe-Ying Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1737-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe-Ying Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1737-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation &#x0026; College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033050983","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-7074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-7074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023655697","display_name":"Chao Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-7206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman,, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-7206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman,, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053206926","display_name":"Yimu Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7019-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimu Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7019-3942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029691902","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Yuan Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-8475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Yuan Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, School of Computer, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-8475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, School of Computer, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96003219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"3442","last_page":"3454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6565347909927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.46321234107017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4611409604549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3883463740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3263932764530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3256039023399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32062268257141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.17486873269081116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6565347909927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.46321234107017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4611409604549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3883463740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3263932764530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3256039023399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32062268257141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.17486873269081116}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2025.3559114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1440049844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023 YFB2904000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1947196376","https://openalex.org/W2424495361","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2766462585","https://openalex.org/W2772792254","https://openalex.org/W2773666902","https://openalex.org/W2788235048","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2802701183","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2905471643","https://openalex.org/W2906971970","https://openalex.org/W2945928904","https://openalex.org/W2963166243","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W3000155280","https://openalex.org/W3035333188","https://openalex.org/W3040834782","https://openalex.org/W3089691460","https://openalex.org/W3108878460","https://openalex.org/W3135925326","https://openalex.org/W3156558703","https://openalex.org/W3175613352","https://openalex.org/W3175771944","https://openalex.org/W3188824417","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4285238584","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4293027464","https://openalex.org/W4312244159","https://openalex.org/W4312284810","https://openalex.org/W4312639100","https://openalex.org/W4319456769","https://openalex.org/W4321483867","https://openalex.org/W4372260352","https://openalex.org/W4372349532","https://openalex.org/W4378697009","https://openalex.org/W4379806164","https://openalex.org/W4382318241","https://openalex.org/W4385565280","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4385825794","https://openalex.org/W4386076593","https://openalex.org/W4386076642","https://openalex.org/W4386198171","https://openalex.org/W4387491709","https://openalex.org/W4387969681","https://openalex.org/W4389160627","https://openalex.org/W4392908959","https://openalex.org/W4393160654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890339288","https://openalex.org/W2966672946","https://openalex.org/W3137554057","https://openalex.org/W3205414356","https://openalex.org/W3015693164","https://openalex.org/W2942388309","https://openalex.org/W2996237090","https://openalex.org/W3137972732","https://openalex.org/W3166592327","https://openalex.org/W3212788180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"fake":[1,39],"news":[2,40,220],"detection":[3],"(MFND)":[4],"has":[5,70],"received":[6],"widespread":[7],"attention.":[8],"As":[9],"a":[10,128,185,205],"typical":[11],"multimodal":[12,178],"task,":[13],"MFND":[14,53],"is":[15,155],"troubled":[16],"by":[17,200],"modality":[18,23,58,106,126,137,210],"imbalance,":[19],"where":[20],"the":[21,28,32,36,113,119,123,135,166,171],"dominant":[22,136],"suppresses":[24],"other":[25],"modalities":[26,192,199],"during":[27],"optimization":[29,131],"process.":[30],"Meanwhile,":[31],"social":[33],"credibility":[34],"maintains":[35],"amount":[37],"of":[38,44,57,122,173,197],"less":[41],"than":[42],"that":[43,223],"real":[45],"news,":[46],"which":[47,69,104],"causes":[48],"class":[49,61,148,213],"imbalance.":[50],"We":[51,203],"call":[52],"with":[54,161],"intertwined":[55],"influence":[56],"imbalance":[59,62],"and":[60,127,164,180,193,212],"as":[63],"dual":[64],"imbalanced":[65],"MFND,":[66],"i.e.,":[67],"DI-MFND,":[68],"not":[71],"been":[72],"well":[73],"studied.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"article,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79,204],"an":[80],"approach":[81,225],"called":[82],"prototype-based":[83,99,114,142],"fully":[84],"balanced":[85],"learning":[86,101,144],"(PFBL)":[87],"for":[88,108,138,209],"DI-MFND.":[89],"Specifically,":[90],"our":[91,224],"model":[92],"contains":[93],"three":[94,218],"main":[95],"parts.":[96],"1)":[97],"The":[98,141,177],"modality-balanced":[100],"(PMB)":[102],"part,":[103],"constructs":[105,147],"prototypes":[107,163,211],"each":[109],"modality.":[110],"It":[111],"designs":[112],"unimodal":[115],"loss":[116,154],"to":[117,133,157,188],"enhance":[118],"intraclass":[120],"compactness":[121],"poorly":[124],"performing":[125],"constrained":[129],"gradient":[130],"strategy":[132,208],"suppress":[134],"optimization.":[139],"2)":[140],"class-balanced":[143],"(PCB)":[145],"part":[146,183],"prototypes.":[149,214],"A":[150],"prototype-oriented":[151],"discriminative":[152],"enhancement":[153],"designed":[156],"effectively":[158],"align":[159],"samples":[160],"corresponding":[162],"increase":[165],"inter-class":[167],"distance,":[168],"thus":[169],"enhancing":[170],"separability":[172],"different":[174,198],"categories.":[175],"3)":[176],"fusion":[179],"classification":[181],"(MFC)":[182],"employs":[184],"cross-transformer":[186],"block":[187],"perform":[189],"interaction":[190],"between":[191],"further":[194],"integrates":[195],"features":[196],"attention":[201],"mechanism.":[202],"joint":[206],"updating":[207],"Extensive":[215],"experiments":[216],"on":[217],"widely-used":[219],"datasets":[221],"demonstrate":[222],"outperforms":[226],"state-of-the-art":[227],"approaches.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
