{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399619448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611","title":"Seeing Through the Mask: Recognition of Genuine Emotion Through Masked Facial Expression","display_name":"Seeing Through the Mask: Recognition of Genuine Emotion Through Masked Facial Expression","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399619448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103156030","display_name":"Ju Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3768-635X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446447","display_name":"Xinyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-7153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771492","display_name":"Hanpu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanpu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-3610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047260520","display_name":"Zheyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5441-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5441-0915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015527515","display_name":"Tong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-4138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015329251","display_name":"Xiaolan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-1037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131870","display_name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7v5j15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-1037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031291553","display_name":"Guangyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-5947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95025733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"7159","last_page":"7172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.19059999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.19059999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.1876000016927719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6536774039268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5608974695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.48503297567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4402589201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4256257712841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.4199160039424896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4102935791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40446633100509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3906368017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3503721356391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3356584906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27493521571159363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6536774039268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5608974695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.48503297567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4402589201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4256257712841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.4199160039424896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4102935791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40446633100509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3906368017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3503721356391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3356584906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27493521571159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2024.3404611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.psych.ac.cn:311026/49316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/49316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196583","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210131870","host_organization_name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587143230","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1628791547","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W1998879115","https://openalex.org/W2033702744","https://openalex.org/W2051676197","https://openalex.org/W2078455576","https://openalex.org/W2101866605","https://openalex.org/W2122361883","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2170735791","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2914409937","https://openalex.org/W2955931541","https://openalex.org/W3036533434","https://openalex.org/W3048580993","https://openalex.org/W3092753574","https://openalex.org/W3109908659","https://openalex.org/W3137274787","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3174699664","https://openalex.org/W3177367688","https://openalex.org/W3186421317","https://openalex.org/W4232886157","https://openalex.org/W4280528148","https://openalex.org/W4293680532","https://openalex.org/W4313069509","https://openalex.org/W4360999323","https://openalex.org/W4378697420","https://openalex.org/W4386484691","https://openalex.org/W4387385600","https://openalex.org/W4388315058","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6721035138","https://openalex.org/W6731372876","https://openalex.org/W6738776161","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6793164127","https://openalex.org/W6811046068","https://openalex.org/W6846173323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2642127892","https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W2169777806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,45,70,134],"facial":[3,21,32,39,66,172],"expression":[4],"recognition":[5,44,125],"is":[6,54,118,175],"to":[7,15,36,90],"recognize":[8],"the":[9,65,106,112,116,124,150,160],"corresponding":[10],"emotions.":[11,29],"However,":[12],"people":[13],"tend":[14],"hide":[16],"their":[17],"emotions":[18,47],"by":[19,28,156],"displaying":[20],"expressions":[22,33,40],"that":[23,111,139,167],"differ":[24],"from":[25,171],"those":[26],"evoked":[27],"These":[30],"inconsistent":[31],"are":[34],"referred":[35],"as":[37],"masked":[38],"(MFEs).":[41],"automatic":[43],"hidden":[46],"within":[48],"an":[49],"MFE":[50,71,151],"using":[51],"image":[52],"data":[53],"challenging.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59,80,95,127],"find":[60],"distinctive":[61],"movement":[62],"patterns":[63],"in":[64,115,149],"action":[67],"units":[68],"(AUs)":[69],"sequences":[72],"through":[73],"a":[74,97,176],"detailed":[75],"analysis.":[76],"Considering":[77],"our":[78,140],"findings,":[79],"propose":[81],"handcrafted":[82],"features":[83,88],"called":[84],"dynamic":[85],"AU":[86,92,99,173],"intensity":[87],"(DAIFs)":[89],"represent":[91],"movement.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"develop":[96],"decoupled":[98,107],"transformer":[100],"(DAUT)":[101],"model":[102],"for":[103,132,181],"recognition,":[104],"where":[105],"convolution":[108],"operators":[109],"ensure":[110],"temporal":[113,169],"information":[114,170],"DAIF":[117],"not":[119],"damaged.":[120],"To":[121],"further":[122],"improve":[123],"performance,":[126],"design":[128],"self-supervised":[129],"clip":[130],"prediction":[131],"pretraining":[133],"DAUT.":[135],"Experimental":[136],"results":[137],"demonstrate":[138],"proposed":[141],"method":[142],"performs":[143],"exceptionally":[144],"well":[145],"across":[146],"all":[147],"tasks":[148],"dataset,":[152],"particularly":[153],"improving":[154],"accuracy":[155],"nearly":[157],"double":[158],"on":[159],"most":[161],"challenging":[162],"36-class":[163],"task.":[164],"This":[165],"suggests":[166],"leveraging":[168],"movements":[174],"reliable":[177],"and":[178],"effective":[179],"technique":[180],"recognizing":[182],"MFEs.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}