{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390821393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597","title":"Effect of Text Augmentation and Adversarial Training on Fake News Detection","display_name":"Effect of Text Augmentation and Adversarial Training on Fake News Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390821393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083448728","display_name":"Hadeer Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9568-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadeer Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9568-1563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041277719","display_name":"Issa Traor\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-8047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issa Traore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-8047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059820577","display_name":"Sherif Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-5261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-5261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056921549","display_name":"Mohammad Mamun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-8687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098097","display_name":"Research and Productivity Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00yeap462","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mamun","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-8687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098097","https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1676,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95663046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"4775","last_page":"4789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8457597494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.694694995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6932701468467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5472419857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5357043147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.5347769260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4345170855522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33507075905799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.17298591136932373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8457597494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.694694995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6932701468467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5472419857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5357043147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.5347769260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4345170855522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33507075905799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.17298591136932373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3344597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=34458b13-f5d9-4c67-8549-781b36951a8d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390821393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390821393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2571409409","https://openalex.org/W2767899794","https://openalex.org/W2792593939","https://openalex.org/W2811010710","https://openalex.org/W2890300630","https://openalex.org/W2905526464","https://openalex.org/W2916721475","https://openalex.org/W2940009958","https://openalex.org/W2946068894","https://openalex.org/W2947415936","https://openalex.org/W2951307134","https://openalex.org/W2952899916","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962818281","https://openalex.org/W2963859254","https://openalex.org/W2964268978","https://openalex.org/W2971160449","https://openalex.org/W2971296908","https://openalex.org/W2985504173","https://openalex.org/W2988194011","https://openalex.org/W2996851481","https://openalex.org/W3003446182","https://openalex.org/W3021208824","https://openalex.org/W3031781733","https://openalex.org/W3035736465","https://openalex.org/W3035739162","https://openalex.org/W3078365627","https://openalex.org/W3095777191","https://openalex.org/W3098106685","https://openalex.org/W3100742171","https://openalex.org/W3104102889","https://openalex.org/W3104890489","https://openalex.org/W3105746238","https://openalex.org/W3108228772","https://openalex.org/W3110648481","https://openalex.org/W3127569499","https://openalex.org/W3131189267","https://openalex.org/W3135441826","https://openalex.org/W3152268000","https://openalex.org/W3153848163","https://openalex.org/W3162034504","https://openalex.org/W3171610440","https://openalex.org/W3189022317","https://openalex.org/W4221141415","https://openalex.org/W4225371800","https://openalex.org/W4229022036","https://openalex.org/W4286895244","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4292121845","https://openalex.org/W4293027464","https://openalex.org/W4297613992","https://openalex.org/W4312315284","https://openalex.org/W4375928871","https://openalex.org/W4380877164","https://openalex.org/W4386710331","https://openalex.org/W6685531832","https://openalex.org/W6691212626","https://openalex.org/W6691329670","https://openalex.org/W6727862155","https://openalex.org/W6731800647","https://openalex.org/W6746141323","https://openalex.org/W6752876022","https://openalex.org/W6761496550","https://openalex.org/W6762480454","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6767643807","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6770974948","https://openalex.org/W6779474503","https://openalex.org/W6786180515","https://openalex.org/W6786777710","https://openalex.org/W6793585041","https://openalex.org/W6794339395","https://openalex.org/W6796226934","https://openalex.org/W6796455058","https://openalex.org/W6797439411","https://openalex.org/W6802913438","https://openalex.org/W6810009397","https://openalex.org/W6810862904","https://openalex.org/W6840621640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211393740","https://openalex.org/W3208049411","https://openalex.org/W3022908591","https://openalex.org/W2946768379","https://openalex.org/W2981877337","https://openalex.org/W3203938600","https://openalex.org/W4286910063","https://openalex.org/W2163707935","https://openalex.org/W83146503","https://openalex.org/W2169074127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"action":[1],"of":[2,43,61,82,108,131,166],"spreading":[3],"false":[4],"information":[5],"through":[6],"fake":[7,67,140],"news":[8,68,141],"articles":[9],"presents":[10],"a":[11,52,59,80,91,100,135],"significant":[12],"danger":[13],"to":[14,21,31,75,89,99,112,153,156],"society":[15],"because":[16],"it":[17],"has":[18,72],"the":[19,41,73,105,117,122,129,164],"ability":[20,152],"shape":[22],"public":[23],"opinion":[24],"with":[25,97,121],"inaccurate":[26],"facts.":[27],"This":[28,70],"can":[29,85],"lead":[30],"negative":[32],"effects,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,58,134,148,150],"reduced":[36],"trust":[37],"in":[38],"institutions":[39],"and":[40,46,142,146,162],"promotion":[42],"conflict,":[44],"division,":[45],"even":[47],"violence.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"article,":[51],"text":[53,132],"augmentation":[54,133],"technique":[55],"is":[56],"introduced":[57],"means":[60],"generating":[62],"new":[63],"data":[64],"from":[65],"preexisting":[66],"datasets.":[69],"approach":[71],"potential":[74],"enhance":[76],"classifier":[77,144],"performance":[78],"by":[79],"range":[81],"3%\u201311%.":[83],"It":[84],"also":[86],"be":[87,154],"utilized":[88,155],"launch":[90],"successful":[92],"attack":[93],"on":[94],"trained":[95],"classifiers,":[96],"up":[98],"90%":[101],"success":[102,106],"rate.":[103],"However,":[104],"rate":[107],"these":[109],"attacks":[110],"decreased":[111],"less":[113],"than":[114],"28%":[115],"when":[116],"model":[118],"was":[119],"retrained":[120],"generated":[123],"adversarial":[124,158],"examples.":[125],"These":[126],"results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"effectiveness":[130],"viable":[136],"method":[137],"for":[138],"detecting":[139],"increasing":[143],"accuracy":[145],"performance,":[147],"well":[149],"its":[151],"perform":[157],"machine":[159],"learning":[160],"(ML)":[161],"improve":[163],"resilience":[165],"ML":[167],"algorithms.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}