{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385299885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627","title":"A Meta-Analysis of State-of-the-Art Automated Fake News Detection Methods","display_name":"A Meta-Analysis of State-of-the-Art Automated Fake News Detection Methods","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385299885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042632349","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047739580","display_name":"Aleksandra Pawlicka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-014X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Pawlicka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Linguistics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-014X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Linguistics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088536972","display_name":"Marek Pawlicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-6406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Pawlicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-6406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009283476","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-9911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089469997","display_name":"Wojciech Mazurczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Mazurczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-4127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023991715","display_name":"Krzysztof Cabaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Cabaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-5890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8007722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"5219","last_page":"5229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6920390725135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.608165979385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49140703678131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46650925278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.460800439119339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4141943156719208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.370008647441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3528498411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32713425159454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1175122857093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10138362646102905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6920390725135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.608165979385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49140703678131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46650925278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.460800439119339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4141943156719208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.370008647441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3528498411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32713425159454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1175122857093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10138362646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3296627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G174125078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIG CONCERT-JAPAN/05/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327261","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research and Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G653752772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INFOSTRATEG-I/0019/2021-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327261","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research and Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327261","display_name":"National Center for Research and Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2778443828","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2946595845","https://openalex.org/W2969159973","https://openalex.org/W3007083472","https://openalex.org/W3048848247","https://openalex.org/W3080295236","https://openalex.org/W3080612337","https://openalex.org/W3097482582","https://openalex.org/W3098106685","https://openalex.org/W3107058614","https://openalex.org/W3107091374","https://openalex.org/W3115311952","https://openalex.org/W3119962516","https://openalex.org/W3121274724","https://openalex.org/W3128489934","https://openalex.org/W3153854677","https://openalex.org/W3185504223","https://openalex.org/W3196041670","https://openalex.org/W3212788180","https://openalex.org/W4200048988","https://openalex.org/W4205633808","https://openalex.org/W4226423927","https://openalex.org/W4229050819","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4318040966","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6785111361","https://openalex.org/W6786349553","https://openalex.org/W6788990216","https://openalex.org/W6789272640","https://openalex.org/W6800526415","https://openalex.org/W6960392841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"various":[1,34],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3,228],"(AI)-based":[4],"methods":[5,162,215,222],"have":[6],"been":[7],"proposed":[8],"to":[9,24],"support":[10],"humans":[11],"in":[12,75,142,189],"detecting":[13],"disinformation":[14],"and":[15,28,32,66,91,156,178,196,216],"fake":[16,37,159,182,212,219],"news.":[17],"The":[18,64,95,120,133,147],"goal":[19],"of":[20,36,51,55,61,73,78,149,158,205,211],"this":[21,42,150],"article":[22],"is":[23,152,201],"provide":[25],"a":[26,48,59,76,185],"meta-analysis,":[27],"formally":[29],"evaluate,":[30],"compare,":[31],"benchmark":[33,62],"classes":[35],"news":[38,160,183,213,220],"detection":[39,161,214,221],"approaches.":[40],"To":[41],"end,":[43],"the":[44,52,70,99,123,138,153,169,176,202,206],"following":[45],"paper":[46],"performs":[47],"comprehensive":[49],"analysis":[50,210],"performance-related":[53],"results":[54],"different":[56],"models":[57,121],"using":[58],"range":[60,77],"datasets.":[63],"performed":[65],"disclosed":[67],"meta-analysis":[68,157],"compares":[69],"statistical":[71],"significance":[72],"differences":[74],"performance":[79],"metrics,":[80],"including":[81],"precision,":[82],"<inline-formula":[83,100,106,112],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[84,101,107,113],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[85,102,108,114],"<tex-math":[86,103,109,115],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F1$</tex-math>":[87],"</inline-formula>":[88,105,111,117],"-score,":[89],"recall,":[90],"balanced":[92],"accuracy":[93],"(BACC).":[94],"utilized":[96,167],"approach":[97],"features":[98],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$5$</tex-math>":[104],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times$</tex-math>":[110],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2$</tex-math>":[116],"cross-validation":[118],"methodology.":[119],"undergoing":[122],"formal":[124,154],"evaluation":[125],"constitute":[126],"state-of-the-art":[127],"(SOTA)":[128],"solutions":[129],"meeting":[130],"acceptance":[131],"criteria.":[132],"evaluated":[134],"approaches":[135],"draw":[136],"from":[137],"most":[139],"recent":[140],"advancements":[141],"natural":[143,203],"language":[144],"processing":[145],"(NLP).":[146],"outcome":[148],"work":[151,200],"benchmarking":[155],"that":[163,180],"can":[164],"be":[165],"further":[166],"by":[168,175],"research":[170],"community,":[171],"but":[172],"more":[173],"importantly":[174],"practitioners":[177],"decision-makers":[179],"counter":[181],"on":[184,224],"daily":[186],"basis,":[187],"e.g.,":[188],"press":[190],"agencies,":[191,194],"homeland":[192],"security":[193],"fact-checkers,":[195],"so":[197],"on.":[198],"This":[199],"extension":[204],"authors\u2019":[207,217],"previous":[208],"systematic":[209],"own":[218],"based":[223],"machine":[225],"learning":[226],"(ML)/artificial":[227],"(AI)":[229],"techniques.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}