{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376464592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564","title":"Community Deception in Large Networks: Through the Lens of Laplacian Spectrum","display_name":"Community Deception in Large Networks: Through the Lens of Laplacian Spectrum","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376464592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393922","display_name":"Chong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-3351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-3351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048486573","display_name":"Luoyi Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luoyi Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-9168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080158271","display_name":"Jiaxin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-9237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-9237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010856777","display_name":"Xinde Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2315-4219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinde Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103488096","display_name":"Fei Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034483183","display_name":"Xinbing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-8356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-8356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000724685","display_name":"Lei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640282","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-8436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023919188","display_name":"Chenghu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-2302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7740569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"2057","last_page":"2069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6592342257499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.5938181281089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4693383276462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.4306638240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36768171191215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3497045040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.34760135412216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32669883966445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09731471538543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09207382798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08603763580322266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6592342257499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.5938181281089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4693383276462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4306638240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36768171191215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3497045040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34760135412216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32669883966445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09731471538543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09207382798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08603763580322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3268564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011988218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62020106005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2697090571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G427400538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18XD1401800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8436140462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42050105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8760566353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061146002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131619556","https://openalex.org/W1481933820","https://openalex.org/W1483985387","https://openalex.org/W1550213001","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1995996823","https://openalex.org/W1997343461","https://openalex.org/W2012921801","https://openalex.org/W2015953751","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2079032822","https://openalex.org/W2090718545","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2116673134","https://openalex.org/W2117686912","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2125531986","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2146591355","https://openalex.org/W2151402778","https://openalex.org/W2151795548","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2164998314","https://openalex.org/W2492695942","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2770626471","https://openalex.org/W2792874300","https://openalex.org/W2897249806","https://openalex.org/W2897979119","https://openalex.org/W2905284068","https://openalex.org/W2963036753","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3101158652","https://openalex.org/W3102647957","https://openalex.org/W3106188259","https://openalex.org/W3153860970","https://openalex.org/W3207471891","https://openalex.org/W3213104978","https://openalex.org/W4230962939","https://openalex.org/W6767159907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165717120","https://openalex.org/W2039390456","https://openalex.org/W2948663225","https://openalex.org/W2029954793","https://openalex.org/W1992683634","https://openalex.org/W4295295666","https://openalex.org/W1978059949","https://openalex.org/W2512387791","https://openalex.org/W70044515","https://openalex.org/W2128448209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"complex":[1],"networks":[2,15,203],"in":[3],"the":[4,20,29,38,42,54,61,73,81,96,130,145,168,174,178,189,193,212,218,226],"real":[5],"world":[6],"have":[7],"community":[8,43,55,64,88,206,223],"structures.":[9],"Typical":[10],"examples":[11],"include":[12],"online":[13],"social":[14],"and":[16,35,104,150,161,204],"ecology":[17],"networks.":[18],"While":[19],"identification":[21],"of":[22,32,45,63,115,147],"communities":[23,83,132,156],"bears":[24],"numerous":[25],"practical":[26],"applications,":[27],"with":[28],"increasing":[30],"awareness":[31],"data":[33],"security":[34],"privacy":[36],"concerns,":[37],"need":[39],"to":[40,70,142,166,196],"protect":[41],"affiliations":[44],"individuals":[46],"from":[47,87],"disclosing":[48],"by":[49,76],"attackers":[50],"emerges.":[51],"This":[52],"raises":[53],"deception":[56],"(CD)":[57],"problem,":[58],"that":[59,80,125,154],"is,":[60],"opposite":[62],"detection,":[65],"which":[66,117],"asks":[67],"for":[68,186],"ways":[69],"minimally":[71],"perturb":[72],"network":[74],"structures":[75,224],"rewiring":[77],"nodes":[78],"so":[79],"target":[82,113],"maximally":[84],"hide":[85,110],"themself":[86],"detection":[89,207],"algorithms.":[90],"To":[91],"this":[92],"end,":[93],"we":[94],"investigate":[95],"CD":[97],"problem":[98],"through":[99,157],"a":[100,106,111,134],"Laplacian":[101],"spectrum":[102],"lens":[103],"propose":[105],"method":[107],"named$\\mathtt":[108],"{ComDeceptor}$to":[109],"flexible":[112],"set":[114],"communities,":[116],"is":[118],"more":[119],"universal":[120],"than":[121],"most":[122],"existing":[123],"methods":[124],"either":[126],"focus":[127],"on":[128,221],"hiding":[129,155],"entire":[131],"or":[133],"single":[135],"community.":[136],"The":[137],"key":[138],"idea":[139],"of$\\mathtt":[140,214],"{ComDeceptor}$is":[141],"first":[143],"allocate":[144],"resources":[146],"perturbations":[148],"fairly":[149],"effectively.":[151],"By":[152],"proving":[153],"intercommunity":[158],"edge":[159,163,195],"addition":[160],"intracommunity":[162],"deletion":[164],"correspond":[165],"maximizing":[167],"second":[169],"smallest":[170],"eigenvalue$\\lambda":[171,176],"_{2}$and":[172],"minimizing":[173],"largest":[175],"_{n}$of":[177],"graph":[179],"Laplacian,":[180],"respectively,$\\mathtt":[181],"{ComDeceptor}$then":[182],"incorporates":[183],"efficient":[184],"heuristics":[185],"approximately":[187],"solving":[188],"problems,":[190],"thus":[191],"selecting":[192],"appropriate":[194],"perturb.":[197],"Experimental":[198],"results":[199],"over":[200,225],"nine":[201],"real-world":[202],"six":[205],"algorithms":[208],"not":[209],"only":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"efficiency":[213],"{ComDeceptor}$,":[215],"but":[216],"also":[217],"superior":[219],"performance":[220],"obfuscating":[222],"baselines.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}